{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM","short_pith_number":"pith:GJASNELN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1910.03346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-10-08T11:41:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"37eda4a8a1108660a7cb3e9ba5956daeb6b90dbdedaf190666f1f3adaa13c8fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"dbd2bb83f9ab31e98203cfecb4b9064afff63bb559d9afb63631640a5e9172d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"324126916d8ca50a21613624cdc8804b157a30857bd2fe4e3ee19c7fb6af1946","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1910.03346","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1910.03346","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1910.03346v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1910.03346","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GJASNELNRSSQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GJASNELNRSSQUILB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GJASNELN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1910.03346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-10-08T11:41:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"37eda4a8a1108660a7cb3e9ba5956daeb6b90dbdedaf190666f1f3adaa13c8fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"dbd2bb83f9ab31e98203cfecb4b9064afff63bb559d9afb63631640a5e9172d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"324126916d8ca50a21613624cdc8804b157a30857bd2fe4e3ee19c7fb6af1946","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20.278029Z","signature_b64":"rQgQv8ziNL6LNV6welz688FhtjzsUabmNGTOWPOpB62LqjHpNJMW2efMLGtQuhesuVF4DjufJIkJJOPqmv1sAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"324126916d8ca50a21613624cdc8804b157a30857bd2fe4e3ee19c7fb6af1946","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20.277615Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20.277615Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1910.03346","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6KOaZ7pFrL123W4f0zzY1Jwmp4kmKlT5iXWcWSBHe0p6Aihfm5r3GFv9dPDsU1qJD45dzZUJwPJb/YchJpNlAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-28T03:25:03.221460Z"},"content_sha256":"d140562e1befa4af9e26a6b89bed186cd55c759ebdd2cc7b935d4550dcb3b232","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d140562e1befa4af9e26a6b89bed186cd55c759ebdd2cc7b935d4550dcb3b232"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A direct approach to detection and attribution of climate change","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Eniko Sz\\'ekely, Guillaume Obozinski, Nicolai Meinshausen, Reto Knutti, Sebastian Sippel","submitted_at":"2019-10-08T11:41:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present here a novel statistical learning approach for detection and attribution (D&A) of climate change. Traditional optimal D&A studies try to directly model the observations from model simulations, but practically this is challenging due to high-dimensionality. Dimension reduction techniques reduce the dimensionality, typically using empirical orthogonal functions, but as these techniques are unsupervised, the reduced space considered is somewhat arbitrary. Here, we propose a supervised approach where we predict a given external forcing, e.g., anthropogenic forcing, directly from the spa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1910.03346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1910.03346/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"25z13NaQftNK1zlJMaOedcWV8jyTbWWBdt925RHaQqUMQuH1TBNLNAcsa76V0L/ul/Y5hZssmiXFxm+MYEHfAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-28T03:25:03.221844Z"},"content_sha256":"3f221db556f1caaa53e06ac36cc8b0a2a8907ffbb37caf3cea60becfe1d52871","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f221db556f1caaa53e06ac36cc8b0a2a8907ffbb37caf3cea60becfe1d52871"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-28T03:25:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GJASNELNRSSQUILBGYSM3SEAJM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dbd2bb83f9ab31e98203cfecb4b9064afff63bb559d9afb63631640a5e9172d6","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-10-08T11:41:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"37eda4a8a1108660a7cb3e9ba5956daeb6b90dbdedaf190666f1f3adaa13c8fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1910.03346","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1910.03346","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1910.03346v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1910.03346","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GJASNELNRSSQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GJASNELNRSSQUILB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GJASNELN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3f221db556f1caaa53e06ac36cc8b0a2a8907ffbb37caf3cea60becfe1d52871","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1910.03346/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present here a novel statistical learning approach for detection and attribution (D&A) of climate change. Traditional optimal D&A studies try to directly model the observations from model simulations, but practically this is challenging due to high-dimensionality. Dimension reduction techniques reduce the dimensionality, typically using empirical orthogonal functions, but as these techniques are unsupervised, the reduced space considered is somewhat arbitrary. Here, we propose a supervised approach where we predict a given external forcing, e.g., anthropogenic forcing, directly from the spa","authors_text":"Eniko Sz\\'ekely, Guillaume Obozinski, Nicolai Meinshausen, Reto Knutti, Sebastian Sippel","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-10-08T11:41:52Z","title":"A direct approach to detection and attribution of climate change"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1910.03346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d140562e1befa4af9e26a6b89bed186cd55c759ebdd2cc7b935d4550dcb3b232","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dbd2bb83f9ab31e98203cfecb4b9064afff63bb559d9afb63631640a5e9172d6","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2019-10-08T11:41:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"37eda4a8a1108660a7cb3e9ba5956daeb6b90dbdedaf190666f1f3adaa13c8fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1910.03346","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"324126916d8ca50a21613624cdc8804b157a30857bd2fe4e3ee19c7fb6af1946","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"324126916d8ca50a21613624cdc8804b157a30857bd2fe4e3ee19c7fb6af1946","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20.277615Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20.277615Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rQgQv8ziNL6LNV6welz688FhtjzsUabmNGTOWPOpB62LqjHpNJMW2efMLGtQuhesuVF4DjufJIkJJOPqmv1sAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:10:20.278029Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1910.03346","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d140562e1befa4af9e26a6b89bed186cd55c759ebdd2cc7b935d4550dcb3b232","sha256:3f221db556f1caaa53e06ac36cc8b0a2a8907ffbb37caf3cea60becfe1d52871"],"state_sha256":"d00d2099396054308bf9bb382900248bdb76cd6d15e5033fc830564e99d129b5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9eJEONMw93hLID/Q4Yqn/AHb5tDfUVHsCi2f/OEz+R2yb6FTv6t/1d5qUhEptBWVKLjzTja42xwjZO+yK9hOAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-28T03:25:03.223996Z","bundle_sha256":"4592104722b32a0d96a256fc53ee1f2eb60420b5cb271860c918e64f7c9047d0"}}