{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA","short_pith_number":"pith:GKIK7CTO","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"3290af8a6e887000cd343d9a5ee46bb00f3b20b103d31912497f0b772521dadb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.19154","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Indirect Estimators of Intergenerational Mobility","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Andrea Del Pizzo, Jan Stuhler, Martin Nybom","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T22:15:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"This chapter reviews indirect estimators of intergenerational mobility, focusing on approaches that infer parent-child or other family associations when direct income data are incomplete or unavailable. We synthesize methods based on instrumental variables, imputation using observable characteristics such as education and occupation, surname-based estimators, and multigenerational linkages. To unify these approaches, we introduce a stylized framework in which socioeconomic status is transmitted through multiple pathways with heterogeneous persistence rates. Within this framework, both direct a"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.19154","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T22:15:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e44ffa173ce33a1fab20cfaacf334d2d9a0d4727c546d6a7856dff8ae6ec98e","abstract_canon_sha256":"d0ec9f214636055d87f440b5614406fbde622a5b52026aa87f759095b4924c1d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.584586Z","signature_b64":"hcFdr5FtDiwLqDoEikJuWIDA6J7s3Dn7i9KWez1uUdFhkh+mTyheCbngeUbWmbG0BEylyiO1bZLmrmm9BQc1Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3290af8a6e887000cd343d9a5ee46bb00f3b20b103d31912497f0b772521dadb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583730Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Indirect Estimators of Intergenerational Mobility","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Andrea Del Pizzo, Jan Stuhler, Martin Nybom","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T22:15:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"This chapter reviews indirect estimators of intergenerational mobility, focusing on approaches that infer parent-child or other family associations when direct income data are incomplete or unavailable. We synthesize methods based on instrumental variables, imputation using observable characteristics such as education and occupation, surname-based estimators, and multigenerational linkages. To unify these approaches, we introduce a stylized framework in which socioeconomic status is transmitted through multiple pathways with heterogeneous persistence rates. Within this framework, both direct a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.19154","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.19154/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.19154","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.19154v1","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.19154","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GKIK7CTORBYA","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GKIK7CTORBYABTJU","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GKIK7CTO","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA","json":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GKIK7CTO"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GKIK7CTO","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2605.19154&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/GKIK7CTORBYABTJUHWNF5ZDLWA/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-20T01:05:30.583876+00:00"}