{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O","short_pith_number":"pith:GKQEG5HN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12049","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:28:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"df4db2890b88a0edccedfb48a508a7b2df6255eb0ce16a813d8388d1ebd360f8","abstract_canon_sha256":"12f2d5ffd71c00927a97d2927e3ceef0232b146c1c882e3e6e8904606641ad1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"32a04374ed761810643d16d1e8dcebeba6d285cfe8bc3175a3e106bab1227c5e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.12049","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12049","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12049v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12049","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GKQEG5HNOYMB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GKQEG5HN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12049","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:28:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"df4db2890b88a0edccedfb48a508a7b2df6255eb0ce16a813d8388d1ebd360f8","abstract_canon_sha256":"12f2d5ffd71c00927a97d2927e3ceef0232b146c1c882e3e6e8904606641ad1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"32a04374ed761810643d16d1e8dcebeba6d285cfe8bc3175a3e106bab1227c5e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58.237548Z","signature_b64":"kOVDJp4smxU/5MEOSKduSV1h0FDeNqtB9NzV8fZ+pr8NElADxUQfqOZNx+4hngy+tfZ4WVGDn1a9oMDQ9cx9Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"32a04374ed761810643d16d1e8dcebeba6d285cfe8bc3175a3e106bab1227c5e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58.236929Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58.236929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.12049","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tqVEz0Mq6WPY71jApqWs1qtK8m+iejBD8UCLQZlpdYze5qdCOPCFip+1SGiFzJEaVmuaKLZnsjDj8D3q4MPRAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T15:17:00.035037Z"},"content_sha256":"b74c823822cec439efca39ebb68ec4a090bca5f041fe50209907cdb7606d51ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b74c823822cec439efca39ebb68ec4a090bca5f041fe50209907cdb7606d51ce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Road User Detection in Videos","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau, Hughes Perreault, Nicolas Saunier, Pierre Gravel","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:28:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Successive frames of a video are highly redundant, and the most popular object detection methods do not take advantage of this fact. Using multiple consecutive frames can improve detection of small objects or difficult examples and can improve speed and detection consistency in a video sequence, for instance by interpolating features between frames. In this work, a novel approach is introduced to perform online video object detection using two consecutive frames of video sequences involving road users. Two new models, RetinaNet-Double and RetinaNet-Flow, are proposed, based respectively on the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12049","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7GzCcmIk3JNlDRTUi79JBgtM4FQU7Fd/gL0xPt8luZBa0XCqnpS5cOiIn4R35rHjZt1HxEUpyLqZttIwpiEGDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T15:17:00.035617Z"},"content_sha256":"9e89c3a9a98c77c488f93ac5e3b66b41a58fde9b0c434b639cfbfa5084393cbe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e89c3a9a98c77c488f93ac5e3b66b41a58fde9b0c434b639cfbfa5084393cbe"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T15:17:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5C3I6RXHL5O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12f2d5ffd71c00927a97d2927e3ceef0232b146c1c882e3e6e8904606641ad1b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:28:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"df4db2890b88a0edccedfb48a508a7b2df6255eb0ce16a813d8388d1ebd360f8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12049","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12049","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12049v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12049","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GKQEG5HNOYMB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GKQEG5HNOYMBAZB5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GKQEG5HN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9e89c3a9a98c77c488f93ac5e3b66b41a58fde9b0c434b639cfbfa5084393cbe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Successive frames of a video are highly redundant, and the most popular object detection methods do not take advantage of this fact. Using multiple consecutive frames can improve detection of small objects or difficult examples and can improve speed and detection consistency in a video sequence, for instance by interpolating features between frames. In this work, a novel approach is introduced to perform online video object detection using two consecutive frames of video sequences involving road users. Two new models, RetinaNet-Double and RetinaNet-Flow, are proposed, based respectively on the","authors_text":"Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau, Hughes Perreault, Nicolas Saunier, Pierre Gravel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:28:07Z","title":"Road User Detection in Videos"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12049","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b74c823822cec439efca39ebb68ec4a090bca5f041fe50209907cdb7606d51ce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12f2d5ffd71c00927a97d2927e3ceef0232b146c1c882e3e6e8904606641ad1b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:28:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"df4db2890b88a0edccedfb48a508a7b2df6255eb0ce16a813d8388d1ebd360f8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12049","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"32a04374ed761810643d16d1e8dcebeba6d285cfe8bc3175a3e106bab1227c5e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"32a04374ed761810643d16d1e8dcebeba6d285cfe8bc3175a3e106bab1227c5e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58.236929Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58.236929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kOVDJp4smxU/5MEOSKduSV1h0FDeNqtB9NzV8fZ+pr8NElADxUQfqOZNx+4hngy+tfZ4WVGDn1a9oMDQ9cx9Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:58.237548Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.12049","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b74c823822cec439efca39ebb68ec4a090bca5f041fe50209907cdb7606d51ce","sha256:9e89c3a9a98c77c488f93ac5e3b66b41a58fde9b0c434b639cfbfa5084393cbe"],"state_sha256":"6a55fd17da7d7e3c17e25da2d0105dfed68f49293dd8c27682256dda3a6b1db9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/KGPNd0dLxhykiCmK6DPw78eqzUZoQ8K1rpvRhrg41EonkNQ9y1+8Dx1U/tbwPfaaq4Vump3K6PZnimAFkRtCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T15:17:00.040351Z","bundle_sha256":"d88e4b9943d0c87fd8e513d1cecbbdbb3b2cd1c6bb7098bc58331653c0f93a97"}}