{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ","short_pith_number":"pith:GLCGWDRN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.4564","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2013-08-21T13:16:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4cbba44940471d6406ca1a8bb8dcab1be189d5afe982b4127d7ac18e7347471f","abstract_canon_sha256":"85ad06d11cc30a2e8c3303606fc6391fb3659367ea8dec472f2cf227cd276aaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"32c46b0e2d25ead199b6f2010576ca1673f99ec6ab7196c9968cada0a585e0f2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.4564","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.4564","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.4564v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.4564","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GLCGWDRNEXVN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GLCGWDRN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.4564","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2013-08-21T13:16:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4cbba44940471d6406ca1a8bb8dcab1be189d5afe982b4127d7ac18e7347471f","abstract_canon_sha256":"85ad06d11cc30a2e8c3303606fc6391fb3659367ea8dec472f2cf227cd276aaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"32c46b0e2d25ead199b6f2010576ca1673f99ec6ab7196c9968cada0a585e0f2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03.320826Z","signature_b64":"gVFAIaclvVUM1VZe9k73I8XT7ep8BDQ14Tg3bf5sajf80LfInbZAe+xB1VugEJPy7A+ph6kRzzoSbJQIG0l0Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"32c46b0e2d25ead199b6f2010576ca1673f99ec6ab7196c9968cada0a585e0f2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03.320261Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03.320261Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.4564","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T9sAmvHU3rRlHTMxbZB9KrEmHCBU2JCxb/9I3sieke+4igHzPqjX6aNpfMwKHqH0wCacGI/CgIC2tLave9ruCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T09:44:41.137928Z"},"content_sha256":"a5fbeb7ac417d71b0821c043726e782cf50d4e5eeef0fc6bbad73dd5df02b4a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5fbeb7ac417d71b0821c043726e782cf50d4e5eeef0fc6bbad73dd5df02b4a6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nonreciprocal light transmission in parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph","quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Bo Peng, Carl M. Bender, Faraz Monifi, Franco Nori, Fuchuan Lei, Gui Lu Long, Lan Yang, Mariagiovanna Gianfreda, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Shanhui Fan","submitted_at":"2013-08-21T13:16:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Optical systems combining balanced loss and gain profiles provide a unique platform to implement classical analogues of quantum systems described by non-Hermitian parity-time- (PT-) symmetric Hamiltonians and to originate new synthetic materials with novel properties. To date, experimental works on PT-symmetric optical systems have been limited to waveguides in which resonances do not play a role. Here we report the first demonstration of PT-symmetry breaking in optical resonator systems by using two directly coupled on-chip optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microtoroid silica resonators. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.4564","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q9F72Uu6PYSr6xJ+hecEnaA/l/hlB/+xPEOGTH2DF7yn5x+nksC4w/oSfCXHYBQWUDy79tEvw3hmkCoA3ccEAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T09:44:41.138304Z"},"content_sha256":"0ce5fb9e90fc87a31b018356c65c9a029c9b41d4231409ed2513cffe21171211","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ce5fb9e90fc87a31b018356c65c9a029c9b41d4231409ed2513cffe21171211"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T09:44:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW6IAQK5WKCZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85ad06d11cc30a2e8c3303606fc6391fb3659367ea8dec472f2cf227cd276aaf","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2013-08-21T13:16:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"4cbba44940471d6406ca1a8bb8dcab1be189d5afe982b4127d7ac18e7347471f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.4564","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.4564","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.4564v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.4564","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GLCGWDRNEXVN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GLCGWDRNEXVNDGNW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GLCGWDRN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ce5fb9e90fc87a31b018356c65c9a029c9b41d4231409ed2513cffe21171211","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Optical systems combining balanced loss and gain profiles provide a unique platform to implement classical analogues of quantum systems described by non-Hermitian parity-time- (PT-) symmetric Hamiltonians and to originate new synthetic materials with novel properties. To date, experimental works on PT-symmetric optical systems have been limited to waveguides in which resonances do not play a role. Here we report the first demonstration of PT-symmetry breaking in optical resonator systems by using two directly coupled on-chip optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microtoroid silica resonators. ","authors_text":"Bo Peng, Carl M. Bender, Faraz Monifi, Franco Nori, Fuchuan Lei, Gui Lu Long, Lan Yang, Mariagiovanna Gianfreda, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Shanhui Fan","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph","quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2013-08-21T13:16:31Z","title":"Nonreciprocal light transmission in parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.4564","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a5fbeb7ac417d71b0821c043726e782cf50d4e5eeef0fc6bbad73dd5df02b4a6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85ad06d11cc30a2e8c3303606fc6391fb3659367ea8dec472f2cf227cd276aaf","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2013-08-21T13:16:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"4cbba44940471d6406ca1a8bb8dcab1be189d5afe982b4127d7ac18e7347471f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.4564","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"32c46b0e2d25ead199b6f2010576ca1673f99ec6ab7196c9968cada0a585e0f2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"32c46b0e2d25ead199b6f2010576ca1673f99ec6ab7196c9968cada0a585e0f2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03.320261Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03.320261Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gVFAIaclvVUM1VZe9k73I8XT7ep8BDQ14Tg3bf5sajf80LfInbZAe+xB1VugEJPy7A+ph6kRzzoSbJQIG0l0Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:49:03.320826Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.4564","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a5fbeb7ac417d71b0821c043726e782cf50d4e5eeef0fc6bbad73dd5df02b4a6","sha256:0ce5fb9e90fc87a31b018356c65c9a029c9b41d4231409ed2513cffe21171211"],"state_sha256":"e88240d2e27ccd53fa6acc6a61c684a2672b4764ebfe211ebcb448d14b153175"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fa793mdd4hGdMTG7Elybkw1xm+PCezehbF9ADLPCEC1UzxAC4dwzRRy0QMhAnr1RlMW4S2JDOz/NbDkrAsTHDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T09:44:41.140217Z","bundle_sha256":"b3b9cecc70a42a546f509e8f273b9825375339c2f61e4e58ece53b216f30d2c1"}}