{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD","short_pith_number":"pith:GMXFBXO2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.1684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:05:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"73eccfc426ec67918d8c9c24d410a17b990949b583a4ac5d35b9dba9f94c86e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"54f86a329897559acbef7181ddea5553ce4db3a360a026dc1cbc17bb7ff24881"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"332e50dddafe3cffaa6faee5e7795080ff963a03afd21cd1f8fb1c18b196d6e0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.1684","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.1684","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.1684v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.1684","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GMXFBXO27Y6P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GMXFBXO2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.1684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:05:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"73eccfc426ec67918d8c9c24d410a17b990949b583a4ac5d35b9dba9f94c86e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"54f86a329897559acbef7181ddea5553ce4db3a360a026dc1cbc17bb7ff24881"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"332e50dddafe3cffaa6faee5e7795080ff963a03afd21cd1f8fb1c18b196d6e0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56.607670Z","signature_b64":"sjo4njif/F+cWQ+8p6lOSoXAT7DxXnSfSvAmxe+1a2TgUlQCPiv2rl6matCgMdAlWVtSBPhBASmhYYutDE4nAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"332e50dddafe3cffaa6faee5e7795080ff963a03afd21cd1f8fb1c18b196d6e0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56.607073Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56.607073Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.1684","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v9xA4Oq4zt7xr78I3SyrNjjxPeb9HxnfOSKIiWU3tnnQY+z+YZVeC4ZeB3xxfEh8KzCZUKazwY92t9mrQsWgBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T04:26:02.615130Z"},"content_sha256":"b561009d28e0a431764fd6f8cd0df5ee3d7a694c86115a5d81904187e433fdcd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b561009d28e0a431764fd6f8cd0df5ee3d7a694c86115a5d81904187e433fdcd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Assessing the Bias in Communication Networks Sampled from Twitter","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Alejandro Rivero, Javier Borge-Holthoefer, Ning Wang, Sandra Gonz\\'alez-Bail\\'on, Yamir Moreno","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:05:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We collect and analyse messages exchanged in Twitter using two of the platform's publicly available APIs (the search and stream specifications). We assess the differences between the two samples, and compare the networks of communication reconstructed from them. The empirical context is given by political protests taking place in May 2012: we track online communication around these protests for the period of one month, and reconstruct the network of mentions and re-tweets according to the two samples. We find that the search API over-represents the more central users and does not offer an accu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.1684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zf7JAAkXDX4obvshULo3592yUQuKw8EsPQmuLyTLXDlcGZdAnHd1KkeI5WcvJjuQbWx+HZ+Sdm0H0NaJ/ftcDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T04:26:02.615842Z"},"content_sha256":"d62d61653df0613bfa644c3e62626b1b72763facfe0574d15ad6cd47ef7e0638","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d62d61653df0613bfa644c3e62626b1b72763facfe0574d15ad6cd47ef7e0638"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T04:26:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTPV3S6O6KQQD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54f86a329897559acbef7181ddea5553ce4db3a360a026dc1cbc17bb7ff24881","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:05:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"73eccfc426ec67918d8c9c24d410a17b990949b583a4ac5d35b9dba9f94c86e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.1684","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.1684","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.1684v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.1684","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GMXFBXO27Y6P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GMXFBXO27Y6P7KTP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GMXFBXO2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d62d61653df0613bfa644c3e62626b1b72763facfe0574d15ad6cd47ef7e0638","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We collect and analyse messages exchanged in Twitter using two of the platform's publicly available APIs (the search and stream specifications). We assess the differences between the two samples, and compare the networks of communication reconstructed from them. The empirical context is given by political protests taking place in May 2012: we track online communication around these protests for the period of one month, and reconstruct the network of mentions and re-tweets according to the two samples. We find that the search API over-represents the more central users and does not offer an accu","authors_text":"Alejandro Rivero, Javier Borge-Holthoefer, Ning Wang, Sandra Gonz\\'alez-Bail\\'on, Yamir Moreno","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:05:25Z","title":"Assessing the Bias in Communication Networks Sampled from Twitter"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.1684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b561009d28e0a431764fd6f8cd0df5ee3d7a694c86115a5d81904187e433fdcd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54f86a329897559acbef7181ddea5553ce4db3a360a026dc1cbc17bb7ff24881","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:05:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"73eccfc426ec67918d8c9c24d410a17b990949b583a4ac5d35b9dba9f94c86e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.1684","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"332e50dddafe3cffaa6faee5e7795080ff963a03afd21cd1f8fb1c18b196d6e0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"332e50dddafe3cffaa6faee5e7795080ff963a03afd21cd1f8fb1c18b196d6e0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56.607073Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56.607073Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sjo4njif/F+cWQ+8p6lOSoXAT7DxXnSfSvAmxe+1a2TgUlQCPiv2rl6matCgMdAlWVtSBPhBASmhYYutDE4nAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:56.607670Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.1684","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b561009d28e0a431764fd6f8cd0df5ee3d7a694c86115a5d81904187e433fdcd","sha256:d62d61653df0613bfa644c3e62626b1b72763facfe0574d15ad6cd47ef7e0638"],"state_sha256":"91febe0e0d65247002c3e43a171351af24e9a67993517547579b5fa88b5d89cd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RYyzeEfSlGAiSJOF15nYyMvRBps1nB2lplgN2409yAVl9k8T5agX0d/KJvjFDXWn34UYs8zrmJrOKV+mhOQxDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T04:26:02.620053Z","bundle_sha256":"cbef4190b947c711758dc349852dc333cdd2a6dfea4fbcb6c5e990331b8c2bd7"}}