{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT","short_pith_number":"pith:GN2JTVYK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.08522","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2020-02-20T01:43:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"8c0cf1a624416f90c226d6fddea6f103f36396d18c5cbfc4d02e546545994757","abstract_canon_sha256":"5a97db5e6f8e0afa5ee3727699f4e5c59587321a0af5f25c823b267398817552"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"337499d70a63af729dd828f5bda71f4cd50b816bdd0cf4398afa405a00aa9079","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.08522","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.08522","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.08522v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.08522","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GN2JTVYKMOXX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GN2JTVYK","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.08522","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2020-02-20T01:43:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"8c0cf1a624416f90c226d6fddea6f103f36396d18c5cbfc4d02e546545994757","abstract_canon_sha256":"5a97db5e6f8e0afa5ee3727699f4e5c59587321a0af5f25c823b267398817552"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"337499d70a63af729dd828f5bda71f4cd50b816bdd0cf4398afa405a00aa9079","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00.660876Z","signature_b64":"pWGHAROjCJbJJ/GxOLCVYQ9rFUBPJ942k7F1on0t+CZvPum/Nxz12p7FDqSLx1Ia8k6GWymc/VbjAiDRLFGCCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"337499d70a63af729dd828f5bda71f4cd50b816bdd0cf4398afa405a00aa9079","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00.660387Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00.660387Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.08522","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aNT1zSqwpEZHSoHKP8Hvfx6QycPIxLfA4k3L1U/YU9X/kfAy7f1vbcGI/mr7gz6f1Ld8V+wEApABh2E85HGrBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T23:34:24.035318Z"},"content_sha256":"b4098e78f0fc694fbbef617b0b0bfafe820473f8aff1ed21fb64853992d3f9e9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b4098e78f0fc694fbbef617b0b0bfafe820473f8aff1ed21fb64853992d3f9e9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rapid Evolution of Volatile CO from the Protostellar Disk Stage to the Protoplanetary Disk Stage","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Edwin A. Bergin, Kamber R. Schwarz, Ke Zhang","submitted_at":"2020-02-20T01:43:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent observations show that the CO gas abundance, relative to H$_2$, in many 1-10 Myr old protoplanetary disks may be heavily depleted, by a factor of 10-100 compared to the canonical interstellar medium value of 10$^{-4}$. When and how this depletion happens can significantly affect compositions of planetesimals and atmospheres of giant planets. It is therefore important to constrain if the depletion occurs already at the earliest protostellar disk stage. Here we present spatially resolved observations of C$^{18}$O, C$^{17}$O, and $^{13}$C$^{18}$O $J$=2-1 lines in three protostellar disks. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.08522","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.08522/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wpSRZqQOMGRJm/c+QHBvbzvGhpiNFoUOV3amfrEb1rC8zhUEb0Afy+G7AzV9Yd7aVLwyrkeXh0bNK4m95n0+CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T23:34:24.035818Z"},"content_sha256":"a173baf15d06008d9d59797b9bfbdbb74e1935d0629dcdc789cb891309058d8a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a173baf15d06008d9d59797b9bfbdbb74e1935d0629dcdc789cb891309058d8a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T23:34:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOYFD233JY7JT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5a97db5e6f8e0afa5ee3727699f4e5c59587321a0af5f25c823b267398817552","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2020-02-20T01:43:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"8c0cf1a624416f90c226d6fddea6f103f36396d18c5cbfc4d02e546545994757"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.08522","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.08522","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.08522v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.08522","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GN2JTVYKMOXX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GN2JTVYKMOXXFHOY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GN2JTVYK","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a173baf15d06008d9d59797b9bfbdbb74e1935d0629dcdc789cb891309058d8a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.08522/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent observations show that the CO gas abundance, relative to H$_2$, in many 1-10 Myr old protoplanetary disks may be heavily depleted, by a factor of 10-100 compared to the canonical interstellar medium value of 10$^{-4}$. When and how this depletion happens can significantly affect compositions of planetesimals and atmospheres of giant planets. It is therefore important to constrain if the depletion occurs already at the earliest protostellar disk stage. Here we present spatially resolved observations of C$^{18}$O, C$^{17}$O, and $^{13}$C$^{18}$O $J$=2-1 lines in three protostellar disks. ","authors_text":"Edwin A. Bergin, Kamber R. Schwarz, Ke Zhang","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2020-02-20T01:43:38Z","title":"Rapid Evolution of Volatile CO from the Protostellar Disk Stage to the Protoplanetary Disk Stage"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.08522","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b4098e78f0fc694fbbef617b0b0bfafe820473f8aff1ed21fb64853992d3f9e9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5a97db5e6f8e0afa5ee3727699f4e5c59587321a0af5f25c823b267398817552","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2020-02-20T01:43:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"8c0cf1a624416f90c226d6fddea6f103f36396d18c5cbfc4d02e546545994757"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.08522","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"337499d70a63af729dd828f5bda71f4cd50b816bdd0cf4398afa405a00aa9079","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"337499d70a63af729dd828f5bda71f4cd50b816bdd0cf4398afa405a00aa9079","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00.660387Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00.660387Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pWGHAROjCJbJJ/GxOLCVYQ9rFUBPJ942k7F1on0t+CZvPum/Nxz12p7FDqSLx1Ia8k6GWymc/VbjAiDRLFGCCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:47:00.660876Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.08522","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b4098e78f0fc694fbbef617b0b0bfafe820473f8aff1ed21fb64853992d3f9e9","sha256:a173baf15d06008d9d59797b9bfbdbb74e1935d0629dcdc789cb891309058d8a"],"state_sha256":"3e61519c61bf8c34b3785271644d9d99ca4b070891632b4d40f1fe1185edd321"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hEkv5Ne2V3CRXC2tlgyKqBuzEWCr9L25NFITRUTGMa2GpdmJpZXN7P3mvYJylpM3aTmiDhyZ/xsq4lkJsNL/DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T23:34:24.040516Z","bundle_sha256":"adf3c8b60c2dbec49d4efa9a127cc76b9db527428a8092b1438a34c3cdcd3492"}}