{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U","short_pith_number":"pith:GNP5OQCR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.04177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-09T10:40:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"664c3713b211bb2a63c347fb2e5fa00c714095281da574b6c35a5175f5f53c6e","abstract_canon_sha256":"21581f4151f82d3aab48aaaa50a9a285d6f9fa464eb17dcb8248552ca824da36"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"335fd740516e323532c7c95c873cafe50e3f6d16763ab69b19af5c0f7e5b1275","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2205.04177","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.04177","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.04177v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.04177","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNP5OQCRNYZD","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWH","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNP5OQCR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.04177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-09T10:40:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"664c3713b211bb2a63c347fb2e5fa00c714095281da574b6c35a5175f5f53c6e","abstract_canon_sha256":"21581f4151f82d3aab48aaaa50a9a285d6f9fa464eb17dcb8248552ca824da36"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"335fd740516e323532c7c95c873cafe50e3f6d16763ab69b19af5c0f7e5b1275","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33.614422Z","signature_b64":"2aTbswMgvY6fZbyed4YWhdiTLfXHyIDyfy5tlv/AXLtIuLSHmPQGPR2dbUq2Sx2lzd34S/dGHx1+w6IFFi0NBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"335fd740516e323532c7c95c873cafe50e3f6d16763ab69b19af5c0f7e5b1275","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33.613931Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33.613931Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2205.04177","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RD8z7A/uDTQdAUnYZr3yckljru4O63qJBvyRriRzIeQrXcUjvC4+iRS16WL2NyFrQsnVDB8V4c9Y4e4kaXX7Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T18:54:10.450444Z"},"content_sha256":"ea9e48e263f1d40532c6d3b1a54629da39e8118cfe697d6556528c3083face2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ea9e48e263f1d40532c6d3b1a54629da39e8118cfe697d6556528c3083face2b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Strong pulse illumination hacks self-differencing avalanche photodiode detectors in a high-speed quantum key distribution system","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Anqi Huang, Binwu Gao, Chunlin Yu, Dongyang Wang, Junjie Wu, Weixu Shi, Yingwen Liu, Zhihai Wu","submitted_at":"2022-05-09T10:40:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Implementation of high-speed quantum key distribution~(QKD) has become one of the major focus in the field, which produces high key-generation rate for applications. To achieve high-speed QKD, tailored techniques are developed and employed to quickly generate and detect quantum states. However, these techniques may introduce unique loopholes to compromise the security of QKD systems. In this paper, we investigate the loopholes of self-differencing~(SD) avalanche photodiode~(APD) detector, typically used for high-speed detection in a QKD system, and demonstrate experimental testing of SD APD de"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.04177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2205.04177/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A8/EZUzx0nY6VAoHy0dYjY2YLoon46x5j7lLgm9kXK/w9yXtMMDK5ZPvF3FJ33BaIF4tE/8IkKQkyCVH/XxeAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T18:54:10.450938Z"},"content_sha256":"77285805eec729508477dd2fc7f64b7c6099b59c1373e1f1af281b6b991ae935","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:77285805eec729508477dd2fc7f64b7c6099b59c1373e1f1af281b6b991ae935"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T18:54:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWHZFOIOPFP4U","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21581f4151f82d3aab48aaaa50a9a285d6f9fa464eb17dcb8248552ca824da36","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-09T10:40:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"664c3713b211bb2a63c347fb2e5fa00c714095281da574b6c35a5175f5f53c6e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.04177","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.04177","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.04177v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.04177","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNP5OQCRNYZD","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNP5OQCRNYZDKMWH","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNP5OQCR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:77285805eec729508477dd2fc7f64b7c6099b59c1373e1f1af281b6b991ae935","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2205.04177/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Implementation of high-speed quantum key distribution~(QKD) has become one of the major focus in the field, which produces high key-generation rate for applications. To achieve high-speed QKD, tailored techniques are developed and employed to quickly generate and detect quantum states. However, these techniques may introduce unique loopholes to compromise the security of QKD systems. In this paper, we investigate the loopholes of self-differencing~(SD) avalanche photodiode~(APD) detector, typically used for high-speed detection in a QKD system, and demonstrate experimental testing of SD APD de","authors_text":"Anqi Huang, Binwu Gao, Chunlin Yu, Dongyang Wang, Junjie Wu, Weixu Shi, Yingwen Liu, Zhihai Wu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-09T10:40:46Z","title":"Strong pulse illumination hacks self-differencing avalanche photodiode detectors in a high-speed quantum key distribution system"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.04177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ea9e48e263f1d40532c6d3b1a54629da39e8118cfe697d6556528c3083face2b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21581f4151f82d3aab48aaaa50a9a285d6f9fa464eb17dcb8248552ca824da36","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-09T10:40:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"664c3713b211bb2a63c347fb2e5fa00c714095281da574b6c35a5175f5f53c6e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.04177","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"335fd740516e323532c7c95c873cafe50e3f6d16763ab69b19af5c0f7e5b1275","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"335fd740516e323532c7c95c873cafe50e3f6d16763ab69b19af5c0f7e5b1275","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33.613931Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33.613931Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2aTbswMgvY6fZbyed4YWhdiTLfXHyIDyfy5tlv/AXLtIuLSHmPQGPR2dbUq2Sx2lzd34S/dGHx1+w6IFFi0NBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:05:33.614422Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2205.04177","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ea9e48e263f1d40532c6d3b1a54629da39e8118cfe697d6556528c3083face2b","sha256:77285805eec729508477dd2fc7f64b7c6099b59c1373e1f1af281b6b991ae935"],"state_sha256":"c1e95819225cdafc0864de93c039a7e32f6dc498428c21c2b3c4f9c0321921a3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8/A1eJq+EPj+CFqg16ZLwSYgND+Xlvjk5QLDEju/s4MKpODDkhLciWuBLA5sK5fm4BdrF6yBpcnvWhQ+S4e8AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T18:54:10.454538Z","bundle_sha256":"45b2a985921c1ff53b424ee86a2661a3d1a2fcc9e5239106bc74e50afb4e63e3"}}