{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG","short_pith_number":"pith:GNQIUM4T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.4201","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T19:45:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a16892900fdf3030776367452dea89ca5325d8411614da630b486443c3278a65","abstract_canon_sha256":"ecf35066083fb4108db317c4df29777f62773c15fa997ff98e7cfab60f9acdaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33608a3393213e1ffb420060c4868281ae4734f210ca18ee62c3f48cf8a53178","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1301.4201","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.4201","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.4201v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.4201","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNQIUM4TEE7B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNQIUM4TEE7B762C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNQIUM4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.4201","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T19:45:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a16892900fdf3030776367452dea89ca5325d8411614da630b486443c3278a65","abstract_canon_sha256":"ecf35066083fb4108db317c4df29777f62773c15fa997ff98e7cfab60f9acdaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33608a3393213e1ffb420060c4868281ae4734f210ca18ee62c3f48cf8a53178","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06.127988Z","signature_b64":"K11DG5l6eg+IRjev1iWxMMOy5gHy3J7bBw7GOnv0tPsNe7hGGnzJXXQj4VqBPk4oDU/GfhbYzyAHHJd0zDTDCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"33608a3393213e1ffb420060c4868281ae4734f210ca18ee62c3f48cf8a53178","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06.127577Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06.127577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1301.4201","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fbl7rthMH1puwNFcUpzG4+6o0DwF2/MU8aLOfkKEiLOBcgIYpnPCjlsnPBXgecRKBIdAMbjwbR3mgWEczanEAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T09:47:53.617367Z"},"content_sha256":"062c946a3aa0cf84b8f0c157da4b51d1b0da6c6afd5bb5eb2191ca91ae07902d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:062c946a3aa0cf84b8f0c157da4b51d1b0da6c6afd5bb5eb2191ca91ae07902d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Chemical enrichment of Damped Lyman Alpha systems as a direct constraint on Population III star formation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Elisabeth Vangioni (IAP), Emmanuel Rollinde (IAP), Girish Kulkarni (MPIA), Joseph F. Hennawi (MPIA)","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T19:45:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Damped Ly-alpha absorbers (DLAs) can be used to measure gas-phase metallicities at large cosmological lookback times with high precision. Relative abundances can still be measured accurately deep into the reionization epoch (z > 6) using transitions redward of Ly-alpha. Here we study chemical evolution of DLAs using a constrained model for evolution of galaxies and IGM to determine the degree to which DLA abundance measurements can probe Population III enrichment. We find that if the critical metallicity of Population III to II transition is < 10^-4 Zsun, the cosmic Population III SFR is zero "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.4201","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3FqzBytgztSgQHQjWMpye+vbNLAn7QYOMg3BnNYt2KuRCT9HuJW9ApCr3B7+J3UaE4ypBWxtJU9AQ8zYp0mpAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T09:47:53.617720Z"},"content_sha256":"1e99ded5138759554e4f3f30036ba2a819becc569eb2b5078f76be9833569284","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e99ded5138759554e4f3f30036ba2a819becc569eb2b5078f76be9833569284"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T09:47:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:GNQIUM4TEE7B762CABQMJBUCQG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ecf35066083fb4108db317c4df29777f62773c15fa997ff98e7cfab60f9acdaf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T19:45:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"a16892900fdf3030776367452dea89ca5325d8411614da630b486443c3278a65"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.4201","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.4201","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.4201v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.4201","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNQIUM4TEE7B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNQIUM4TEE7B762C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNQIUM4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1e99ded5138759554e4f3f30036ba2a819becc569eb2b5078f76be9833569284","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Damped Ly-alpha absorbers (DLAs) can be used to measure gas-phase metallicities at large cosmological lookback times with high precision. Relative abundances can still be measured accurately deep into the reionization epoch (z > 6) using transitions redward of Ly-alpha. Here we study chemical evolution of DLAs using a constrained model for evolution of galaxies and IGM to determine the degree to which DLA abundance measurements can probe Population III enrichment. We find that if the critical metallicity of Population III to II transition is < 10^-4 Zsun, the cosmic Population III SFR is zero ","authors_text":"Elisabeth Vangioni (IAP), Emmanuel Rollinde (IAP), Girish Kulkarni (MPIA), Joseph F. Hennawi (MPIA)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T19:45:14Z","title":"Chemical enrichment of Damped Lyman Alpha systems as a direct constraint on Population III star formation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.4201","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:062c946a3aa0cf84b8f0c157da4b51d1b0da6c6afd5bb5eb2191ca91ae07902d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ecf35066083fb4108db317c4df29777f62773c15fa997ff98e7cfab60f9acdaf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T19:45:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"a16892900fdf3030776367452dea89ca5325d8411614da630b486443c3278a65"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.4201","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"33608a3393213e1ffb420060c4868281ae4734f210ca18ee62c3f48cf8a53178","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"33608a3393213e1ffb420060c4868281ae4734f210ca18ee62c3f48cf8a53178","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06.127577Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06.127577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"K11DG5l6eg+IRjev1iWxMMOy5gHy3J7bBw7GOnv0tPsNe7hGGnzJXXQj4VqBPk4oDU/GfhbYzyAHHJd0zDTDCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:06.127988Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1301.4201","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:062c946a3aa0cf84b8f0c157da4b51d1b0da6c6afd5bb5eb2191ca91ae07902d","sha256:1e99ded5138759554e4f3f30036ba2a819becc569eb2b5078f76be9833569284"],"state_sha256":"1d8f56f13a3c1805f9f205f1d213de121756aeff0339b61c9a771496aab445bf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VaB0+CwFhsyJMqW7yhZyX2mMiNb8KwKrNYHcSxGgtlSoWXIBBv9Jx1RFIgZATBd8EWAwdneBNIWWQSH4rS61BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T09:47:53.619789Z","bundle_sha256":"b722d4441c52eb11d6e0ad6f33e9ec03b96dd3e56ee7e93adc09c384bb43220f"}}