{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z","short_pith_number":"pith:GNUY4253","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:12:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"070402b6767870f19e8ab776dc131138b1e11b584c52cef3e115d5fd1a093459","abstract_canon_sha256":"29652554a58a5a4adc259e806481dd4a718240ce3573d32b441b1aec9a03ecc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33698e6bbb4d77d5b53d26e9059f11ee7331b1422a0f0a98c8de597069f95b8c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.06099","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.06099","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.06099v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.06099","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNUY4253JV35","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNUY4253JV35LNJ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNUY4253","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:12:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"070402b6767870f19e8ab776dc131138b1e11b584c52cef3e115d5fd1a093459","abstract_canon_sha256":"29652554a58a5a4adc259e806481dd4a718240ce3573d32b441b1aec9a03ecc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33698e6bbb4d77d5b53d26e9059f11ee7331b1422a0f0a98c8de597069f95b8c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47.763823Z","signature_b64":"d09r4mRast4nAG7X7+FZZhc76lO2AIkJp8iAcmKfz3MGt7UykAWf/9Y4ScpqGjNXFB1VWt/k6lE1RYuAngYeCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"33698e6bbb4d77d5b53d26e9059f11ee7331b1422a0f0a98c8de597069f95b8c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47.763340Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47.763340Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.06099","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z28lMetcYiVSMIn0TIODKK2BiQ13LvElawKTVRmIlIfeCX6ES5IjOD1lG09/3stjAfcAPjwe5poLPdCpllCkAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T16:29:53.141841Z"},"content_sha256":"b7f03dbc59db1e7d83d231b2bf63ee8683f24390ecfa18611eec32102881d7f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7f03dbc59db1e7d83d231b2bf63ee8683f24390ecfa18611eec32102881d7f6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fine-Tuning Federated Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems for Transportation IoT","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"John Kelly, Mansi Bhavsar, Nana Kankam Brym Gyimah, Robert Akinie","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:12:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"The rapid advancement of machine learning (ML) and on-device computing has revolutionized various industries, including transportation, through the development of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). These technologies improve traffic management and vehicle safety, but also introduce significant security and privacy concerns, such as cyberattacks and data breaches. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are increasingly inadequate in detecting modern threats, leading to the adoption of ML-based IDS solutions. Federated Learning (FL) has "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.06099/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RLr1/Op77twWXTXQXtT7AWf0rQxeScAmT08b8OtmJjuqt6NbkwESM9z21Cx+IQV1GeNHU7WYYVbGHD6wC/m0AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T16:29:53.142330Z"},"content_sha256":"6bc14b409ae08467e5a36bde7991eddc3b24980b9ba917ea573e432808c27e1c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6bc14b409ae08467e5a36bde7991eddc3b24980b9ba917ea573e432808c27e1c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T16:29:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:GNUY4253JV35LNJ5E3UQLHYR5Z","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29652554a58a5a4adc259e806481dd4a718240ce3573d32b441b1aec9a03ecc7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:12:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"070402b6767870f19e8ab776dc131138b1e11b584c52cef3e115d5fd1a093459"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.06099","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.06099v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.06099","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNUY4253JV35","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNUY4253JV35LNJ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNUY4253","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6bc14b409ae08467e5a36bde7991eddc3b24980b9ba917ea573e432808c27e1c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.06099/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The rapid advancement of machine learning (ML) and on-device computing has revolutionized various industries, including transportation, through the development of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). These technologies improve traffic management and vehicle safety, but also introduce significant security and privacy concerns, such as cyberattacks and data breaches. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are increasingly inadequate in detecting modern threats, leading to the adoption of ML-based IDS solutions. Federated Learning (FL) has ","authors_text":"John Kelly, Mansi Bhavsar, Nana Kankam Brym Gyimah, Robert Akinie","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:12:05Z","title":"Fine-Tuning Federated Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems for Transportation IoT"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b7f03dbc59db1e7d83d231b2bf63ee8683f24390ecfa18611eec32102881d7f6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29652554a58a5a4adc259e806481dd4a718240ce3573d32b441b1aec9a03ecc7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:12:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"070402b6767870f19e8ab776dc131138b1e11b584c52cef3e115d5fd1a093459"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"33698e6bbb4d77d5b53d26e9059f11ee7331b1422a0f0a98c8de597069f95b8c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"33698e6bbb4d77d5b53d26e9059f11ee7331b1422a0f0a98c8de597069f95b8c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47.763340Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47.763340Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"d09r4mRast4nAG7X7+FZZhc76lO2AIkJp8iAcmKfz3MGt7UykAWf/9Y4ScpqGjNXFB1VWt/k6lE1RYuAngYeCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:47.763823Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.06099","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b7f03dbc59db1e7d83d231b2bf63ee8683f24390ecfa18611eec32102881d7f6","sha256:6bc14b409ae08467e5a36bde7991eddc3b24980b9ba917ea573e432808c27e1c"],"state_sha256":"7338db3ba61fe9634615d9653251d81d891c032985a96a04ea726707a68ec332"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QA8MgkNhQW7JYCTk+JjHvXGNXKtVCM+1p6UE71GlGtwHL9P3a7/mubuZ42RqeyBTg9J/q4sAV48FDxbENLGhDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T16:29:53.145589Z","bundle_sha256":"d67b1268450158a5e5e40676adfaa39250a30f7876ca32cc462adee3b67f83cc"}}