{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7","short_pith_number":"pith:GNYGMU5C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-05T10:31:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"61cb57a406b63225640a5ddc993e8a5cf87294ec954a382277ddc00e5cad43ec","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f34e5b7d79c79bde041f0e8b5067e2298510eef5f13a06b20187ee80eb1305e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33706653a2f8103fe964216f37d7d717fdfde340e129f54c6de4d3291e36eca2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.02109","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.02109","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.02109v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.02109","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNYGMU5C7AID","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNYGMU5C7AID72LE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNYGMU5C","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-05T10:31:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"61cb57a406b63225640a5ddc993e8a5cf87294ec954a382277ddc00e5cad43ec","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f34e5b7d79c79bde041f0e8b5067e2298510eef5f13a06b20187ee80eb1305e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33706653a2f8103fe964216f37d7d717fdfde340e129f54c6de4d3291e36eca2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48.548870Z","signature_b64":"YXISKXJjyNzbmWlmd+tExlYj67Cvo6VnZo9/baX23R0vjTFJttE8kwUWdW8RVedhqNU7/UlC968S+tdS5LOYDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"33706653a2f8103fe964216f37d7d717fdfde340e129f54c6de4d3291e36eca2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48.548366Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48.548366Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.02109","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xzpIjB7lOAF3eGanIGrrxg1T5UKkQTjHFOvYT2yZozEVy2WkF+/7Rp1skXbs2n7qLtLio2I799EpGknNiBmVDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T06:34:09.695589Z"},"content_sha256":"8b63a41d99924117ebc5e4e844fb3c892a2692d46f5977693357afc1efa6d48b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8b63a41d99924117ebc5e4e844fb3c892a2692d46f5977693357afc1efa6d48b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Drag Reduction in Flows Past 2D and 3D Circular Cylinders Through Deep Reinforcement Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Michail Chatzimanolakis, Pascal Weber, Petros Koumoutsakos","submitted_at":"2023-09-05T10:31:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate drag reduction mechanisms in flows past two- and three-dimensional cylinders controlled by surface actuators using deep reinforcement learning. We investigate 2D and 3D flows at Reynolds numbers up to 8,000 and 4,000, respectively. The learning agents are trained in planar flows at various Reynolds numbers, with constraints on the available actuation energy. The discovered actuation policies exhibit intriguing generalization capabilities, enabling open-loop control even for Reynolds numbers beyond their training range. Remarkably, the discovered two-dimensional controls, inducin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.02109/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u/kUyAB+CWS3WYLacsq9bpKKPVmH4EZ/6UVPGoCJCM7/TKW66MEA0wRhTganIHNXde/ssCNPr8CxrulYQ4kZCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T06:34:09.696314Z"},"content_sha256":"1f3bebcde6b5019b9159d2e5e1dd7914660360e53fe750ae7d09f0d51708c4d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1f3bebcde6b5019b9159d2e5e1dd7914660360e53fe750ae7d09f0d51708c4d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T06:34:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:GNYGMU5C7AID72LEEFXTPV6XC7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f34e5b7d79c79bde041f0e8b5067e2298510eef5f13a06b20187ee80eb1305e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-05T10:31:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"61cb57a406b63225640a5ddc993e8a5cf87294ec954a382277ddc00e5cad43ec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.02109","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.02109v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.02109","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GNYGMU5C7AID","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GNYGMU5C7AID72LE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GNYGMU5C","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1f3bebcde6b5019b9159d2e5e1dd7914660360e53fe750ae7d09f0d51708c4d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.02109/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate drag reduction mechanisms in flows past two- and three-dimensional cylinders controlled by surface actuators using deep reinforcement learning. We investigate 2D and 3D flows at Reynolds numbers up to 8,000 and 4,000, respectively. The learning agents are trained in planar flows at various Reynolds numbers, with constraints on the available actuation energy. The discovered actuation policies exhibit intriguing generalization capabilities, enabling open-loop control even for Reynolds numbers beyond their training range. Remarkably, the discovered two-dimensional controls, inducin","authors_text":"Michail Chatzimanolakis, Pascal Weber, Petros Koumoutsakos","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-05T10:31:55Z","title":"Drag Reduction in Flows Past 2D and 3D Circular Cylinders Through Deep Reinforcement Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8b63a41d99924117ebc5e4e844fb3c892a2692d46f5977693357afc1efa6d48b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f34e5b7d79c79bde041f0e8b5067e2298510eef5f13a06b20187ee80eb1305e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-05T10:31:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"61cb57a406b63225640a5ddc993e8a5cf87294ec954a382277ddc00e5cad43ec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"33706653a2f8103fe964216f37d7d717fdfde340e129f54c6de4d3291e36eca2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"33706653a2f8103fe964216f37d7d717fdfde340e129f54c6de4d3291e36eca2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48.548366Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48.548366Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YXISKXJjyNzbmWlmd+tExlYj67Cvo6VnZo9/baX23R0vjTFJttE8kwUWdW8RVedhqNU7/UlC968S+tdS5LOYDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:47:48.548870Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.02109","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8b63a41d99924117ebc5e4e844fb3c892a2692d46f5977693357afc1efa6d48b","sha256:1f3bebcde6b5019b9159d2e5e1dd7914660360e53fe750ae7d09f0d51708c4d5"],"state_sha256":"fa8b845769b2d07df7eb0e74f29d0a969593495c5e4f0116becbb00b37b0ca73"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3UOSrd+b4tgoKcIP6nqhVDkuhvfGyDRtS+PqmLGCYQIIu/3RQa6GBe4aqEmFpLl4wvc8bQCC1j5dwUGWIIUSDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T06:34:09.700067Z","bundle_sha256":"9944fca3cf1aa32a6e2ebcf498067bdf2a9d64947f7ac3c1f9a4f1b0a0afb18b"}}