{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:GOSX5Q4GGLDX7LDAEUWMSXKVSY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65b12a608c02d20baa072320a4fd3e41ba859a8f1cea0de61de0fce9c9f6b846","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T01:40:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"85d3f0d67be74a6d0e6215c036f7dd9e2e1c95158f5a00364073adc95d87f69b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.10649","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.10649","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.10649v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.10649","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GOSX5Q4GGLDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GOSX5Q4GGLDX7LDA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GOSX5Q4G","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a674d1feea774a51617c72734c450343bc3f78853cdac635968cc0da0d327963","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.10649/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Political biases in Large Language Model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT or Google's Gemini, have been previously reported. While several prior studies have attempted to quantify these biases using political orientation tests, such approaches are limited by potential tests' calibration biases and constrained response formats that do not reflect real-world human-AI interactions. This study employs a multi-method approach to assess political bias in leading AI systems, integrating four complementary methodologies: (1) linguistic comparison of AI-generat","authors_text":"David Rozado","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T01:40:28Z","title":"Measuring Political Preferences in AI Systems: An Integrative Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.10649","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9aee4436a2af84f4f6465a34076f3217b825276b0aa1870051fc33020090bf19","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65b12a608c02d20baa072320a4fd3e41ba859a8f1cea0de61de0fce9c9f6b846","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-03-04T01:40:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"85d3f0d67be74a6d0e6215c036f7dd9e2e1c95158f5a00364073adc95d87f69b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.10649","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"33a57ec38632c77fac60252cc95d559605566b28ccabe39cc82ec60ec5993f9b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"33a57ec38632c77fac60252cc95d559605566b28ccabe39cc82ec60ec5993f9b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02.937129Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02.937129Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"IXsbXZOQQJkTYutz+qm+0iz89tMZV87d0RdZF9bbyX8PvWuXIbNn58Ov9+i2pzCnt9ZE7q7stWnbNvIs35UEDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:31:02.937673Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.10649","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9aee4436a2af84f4f6465a34076f3217b825276b0aa1870051fc33020090bf19","sha256:a674d1feea774a51617c72734c450343bc3f78853cdac635968cc0da0d327963"],"state_sha256":"e39573fd1050c40f5ccf3bec6e66f61377f532903a547bc2cbe2ad85f785809b"}