{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC","short_pith_number":"pith:GP2F4BIS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.04268","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-06-06T17:15:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"29652c1d979dc87583a18e64b7e7dd87d5e47ab5a89a1015dad09314f2efd83e","abstract_canon_sha256":"9442e0d9c1d8db2f46ff31a5c715a8f310f6c3946c8474fee671051af36f522d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33f45e051237a0b0419393631655bc709375b2aaf03c810729dbd3c503255c3f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2406.04268","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.04268","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.04268v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.04268","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GP2F4BISG6QL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GP2F4BISG6QLAQMT","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GP2F4BIS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.04268","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-06-06T17:15:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"29652c1d979dc87583a18e64b7e7dd87d5e47ab5a89a1015dad09314f2efd83e","abstract_canon_sha256":"9442e0d9c1d8db2f46ff31a5c715a8f310f6c3946c8474fee671051af36f522d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33f45e051237a0b0419393631655bc709375b2aaf03c810729dbd3c503255c3f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28.757548Z","signature_b64":"WKlBdTFU6wvqba5hTk0UTPoMDXUFljMw2tvTyvtN0bOlVO7jSKnVmaJrDnnc4Ep/GFEOOk1FxqfHhScY1C/eDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"33f45e051237a0b0419393631655bc709375b2aaf03c810729dbd3c503255c3f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28.757070Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28.757070Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2406.04268","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sT4o30ig7TZXWPslbqkpegOsANSI9JAvEGZ+OKYrBQPNqRL8pzdE3BFJJkQKWdI36NPv6zLABF4TPpTa91VDCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T14:13:02.280738Z"},"content_sha256":"61695368a1a6caf854ae9d4c703fdddc90e5e00ee7cb13fa2d0ad80bf6bf33cc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:61695368a1a6caf854ae9d4c703fdddc90e5e00ee7cb13fa2d0ad80bf6bf33cc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Open-Endedness is Essential for Artificial Superhuman Intelligence","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Aditi Mavalankar, Edward Hughes, Feryal Behbahani, Jack Parker-Holder, Michael Dennis, Tim Rocktaschel, Tom Schaul, Yuge Shi","submitted_at":"2024-06-06T17:15:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"In recent years there has been a tremendous surge in the general capabilities of AI systems, mainly fuelled by training foundation models on internetscale data. Nevertheless, the creation of openended, ever self-improving AI remains elusive. In this position paper, we argue that the ingredients are now in place to achieve openendedness in AI systems with respect to a human observer. Furthermore, we claim that such open-endedness is an essential property of any artificial superhuman intelligence (ASI). We begin by providing a concrete formal definition of open-endedness through the lens of nove"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.04268","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2406.04268/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f9gw1xJ50eNi6gKDyMzQ7deZ+bco0Nh3TieDpvRn1/cir8go7w+SC3FX+F1qRwTjUc5up7mvE38FlWPtL0maAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T14:13:02.281103Z"},"content_sha256":"9ad3c424f9734eb31e72ae776c3cf9d8f70c87d2dd59daa11b554869e4e0e67d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9ad3c424f9734eb31e72ae776c3cf9d8f70c87d2dd59daa11b554869e4e0e67d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-10T14:13:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GP2F4BISG6QLAQMTSNRRMVN4OC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9442e0d9c1d8db2f46ff31a5c715a8f310f6c3946c8474fee671051af36f522d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-06-06T17:15:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"29652c1d979dc87583a18e64b7e7dd87d5e47ab5a89a1015dad09314f2efd83e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.04268","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.04268","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.04268v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.04268","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GP2F4BISG6QL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GP2F4BISG6QLAQMT","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GP2F4BIS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9ad3c424f9734eb31e72ae776c3cf9d8f70c87d2dd59daa11b554869e4e0e67d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2406.04268/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In recent years there has been a tremendous surge in the general capabilities of AI systems, mainly fuelled by training foundation models on internetscale data. Nevertheless, the creation of openended, ever self-improving AI remains elusive. In this position paper, we argue that the ingredients are now in place to achieve openendedness in AI systems with respect to a human observer. Furthermore, we claim that such open-endedness is an essential property of any artificial superhuman intelligence (ASI). We begin by providing a concrete formal definition of open-endedness through the lens of nove","authors_text":"Aditi Mavalankar, Edward Hughes, Feryal Behbahani, Jack Parker-Holder, Michael Dennis, Tim Rocktaschel, Tom Schaul, Yuge Shi","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-06-06T17:15:02Z","title":"Open-Endedness is Essential for Artificial Superhuman Intelligence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.04268","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:61695368a1a6caf854ae9d4c703fdddc90e5e00ee7cb13fa2d0ad80bf6bf33cc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9442e0d9c1d8db2f46ff31a5c715a8f310f6c3946c8474fee671051af36f522d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-06-06T17:15:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"29652c1d979dc87583a18e64b7e7dd87d5e47ab5a89a1015dad09314f2efd83e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.04268","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"33f45e051237a0b0419393631655bc709375b2aaf03c810729dbd3c503255c3f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"33f45e051237a0b0419393631655bc709375b2aaf03c810729dbd3c503255c3f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28.757070Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28.757070Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WKlBdTFU6wvqba5hTk0UTPoMDXUFljMw2tvTyvtN0bOlVO7jSKnVmaJrDnnc4Ep/GFEOOk1FxqfHhScY1C/eDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:28:28.757548Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2406.04268","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:61695368a1a6caf854ae9d4c703fdddc90e5e00ee7cb13fa2d0ad80bf6bf33cc","sha256:9ad3c424f9734eb31e72ae776c3cf9d8f70c87d2dd59daa11b554869e4e0e67d"],"state_sha256":"29822d7481cc27f23e690e8b94c14173d93c5649bb9a8a38359b519dbf7ba334"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DshLwI0TZC/BVo3Sgn40FSxT3KIuf8xDEmZpYI5Cfuwo0cavIpdc4/AEf5SkjCzYQC8ykyN6srHa2aZbKhHOAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T14:13:02.283526Z","bundle_sha256":"d194d0dc608130a50cd3d97505e74d8618540a9b7a34dfe9f91f04e5c07a35ba"}}