{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI","short_pith_number":"pith:GPU22I74","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.02499","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T09:37:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","math-ph","math.MP"],"title_canon_sha256":"a13664e8254a441d759b39b52d50834551ca55042c0aed94a408613997e97bdd","abstract_canon_sha256":"c24d9d0ba66ed2628d07fa9546c6293ae59edf80e9d6efe6d5fea68dab1888a1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33e9ad23fccc0c296850fa07638eb9121ca7b56e603b5b0ba1cc42488c460af0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.02499","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.02499","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.02499v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.02499","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GPU22I74ZQGC","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GPU22I74","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.02499","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T09:37:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","math-ph","math.MP"],"title_canon_sha256":"a13664e8254a441d759b39b52d50834551ca55042c0aed94a408613997e97bdd","abstract_canon_sha256":"c24d9d0ba66ed2628d07fa9546c6293ae59edf80e9d6efe6d5fea68dab1888a1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"33e9ad23fccc0c296850fa07638eb9121ca7b56e603b5b0ba1cc42488c460af0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38.712478Z","signature_b64":"lHUxA8Krpzx8abt2OfvA8tkwznV6C+9XlgBIw2/LZooN2IntQo6V1FtKgRvGX//2Mg+JtIZy95C3PawpYetuDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"33e9ad23fccc0c296850fa07638eb9121ca7b56e603b5b0ba1cc42488c460af0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38.712015Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38.712015Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.02499","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vt8yMwtZK2JwK7rVuOvR/E8ihyZyIPAvaluphssNrW2pNNJaL08YUPen34Pk+5P6US+Bul/pjb5yXGK+VSvqDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T17:58:36.900930Z"},"content_sha256":"8b5cc85b3b3e9667798befa2197a06afcb13342c395ec8d70b8c1228813996e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8b5cc85b3b3e9667798befa2197a06afcb13342c395ec8d70b8c1228813996e0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Argument against Quantum Computers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","math-ph","math.MP"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Gil Kalai","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T09:37:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We give a computational complexity argument against the feasibility of quantum computers. We identify a very low complexity class of probability distributions described by noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, and explain why it will allow neither good-quality quantum error-correction nor a demonstration of \"quantum supremacy.\" Some general principles governing the behavior of noisy quantum systems are derived. Our work supports the \"physical Church thesis\" studied by Pitowsky (1990) and follows his vision of using abstract ideas about computation to study the performance of actual physi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.02499","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.02499/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"STN7Ft0iyjLHz0ULFaypTXZtGZi06g4nKnNMb8tmEmmQ0dCIXEwEasKBQGpJLT4QxtWHkmijOe7ohv5EpiAlAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T17:58:36.901446Z"},"content_sha256":"ab3c4416fa7e6520e4fd44490a54122fecc6e805a4770e2a782c9f91afe3fb74","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ab3c4416fa7e6520e4fd44490a54122fecc6e805a4770e2a782c9f91afe3fb74"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T17:58:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ7IDWHDVZCI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c24d9d0ba66ed2628d07fa9546c6293ae59edf80e9d6efe6d5fea68dab1888a1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","math-ph","math.MP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T09:37:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"a13664e8254a441d759b39b52d50834551ca55042c0aed94a408613997e97bdd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.02499","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.02499","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.02499v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.02499","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GPU22I74ZQGC","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GPU22I74ZQGCS2CQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GPU22I74","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ab3c4416fa7e6520e4fd44490a54122fecc6e805a4770e2a782c9f91afe3fb74","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.02499/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We give a computational complexity argument against the feasibility of quantum computers. We identify a very low complexity class of probability distributions described by noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, and explain why it will allow neither good-quality quantum error-correction nor a demonstration of \"quantum supremacy.\" Some general principles governing the behavior of noisy quantum systems are derived. Our work supports the \"physical Church thesis\" studied by Pitowsky (1990) and follows his vision of using abstract ideas about computation to study the performance of actual physi","authors_text":"Gil Kalai","cross_cats":["cs.CC","math-ph","math.MP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T09:37:55Z","title":"The Argument against Quantum Computers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.02499","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8b5cc85b3b3e9667798befa2197a06afcb13342c395ec8d70b8c1228813996e0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c24d9d0ba66ed2628d07fa9546c6293ae59edf80e9d6efe6d5fea68dab1888a1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","math-ph","math.MP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-08-07T09:37:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"a13664e8254a441d759b39b52d50834551ca55042c0aed94a408613997e97bdd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.02499","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"33e9ad23fccc0c296850fa07638eb9121ca7b56e603b5b0ba1cc42488c460af0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"33e9ad23fccc0c296850fa07638eb9121ca7b56e603b5b0ba1cc42488c460af0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38.712015Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38.712015Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lHUxA8Krpzx8abt2OfvA8tkwznV6C+9XlgBIw2/LZooN2IntQo6V1FtKgRvGX//2Mg+JtIZy95C3PawpYetuDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:38.712478Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.02499","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8b5cc85b3b3e9667798befa2197a06afcb13342c395ec8d70b8c1228813996e0","sha256:ab3c4416fa7e6520e4fd44490a54122fecc6e805a4770e2a782c9f91afe3fb74"],"state_sha256":"9d9fb6d8b05bee4ca692b74d233279695b0b553f0125aa76a715b06e7a65f315"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iuqr5bSjKwyyZVbozv6klZsD+/Vw+6FQP7hCD23f/kUbrw1YnICg/3+EEKUTaXvXe0pBCEFDsamci+iWnsanDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T17:58:36.906388Z","bundle_sha256":"7727ffe82f03a9608c0901fe5fdd8133b405caa35becc5301d2d62e1464ed7cf"}}