{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4","short_pith_number":"pith:GQ3YD6VR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.04795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-12-14T20:25:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ddf0c7ee2ec18ab9e3ec9c4cb4eed4fbac145b310393c56c21decb71510994db","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4f0d688ec605f850d4fa95eb0292b106ca0ad6600c9584efb0377d99507dab6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"343781fab14db5da5201d6f49877ffb723e806413eecbc2612634aa6fc862b93","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1612.04795","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.04795","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.04795v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.04795","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GQ3YD6VRJW25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GQ3YD6VR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.04795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-12-14T20:25:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ddf0c7ee2ec18ab9e3ec9c4cb4eed4fbac145b310393c56c21decb71510994db","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4f0d688ec605f850d4fa95eb0292b106ca0ad6600c9584efb0377d99507dab6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"343781fab14db5da5201d6f49877ffb723e806413eecbc2612634aa6fc862b93","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44.023446Z","signature_b64":"E+IaSagjF/f3gEhfoVmvhXWvu/vyrYNtsbKhdR+RGJ0FjuuKiHcBk+IwgHd3tXnqaoshWxvc8eUCtgdmCamrDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"343781fab14db5da5201d6f49877ffb723e806413eecbc2612634aa6fc862b93","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44.022788Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44.022788Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1612.04795","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YHgCcsZvzEVDYCTLynkeX+s+EsN2vtfPiC8YnpuJzN5G5Mf38bjQOufSDoFTTXBdQlznYAiRjyJ2CB933zptBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T00:19:32.648712Z"},"content_sha256":"7239314544e3eefaaa91ea3c02aca0c2ca1d6c157824fc1b82bd707fe200dbe0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7239314544e3eefaaa91ea3c02aca0c2ca1d6c157824fc1b82bd707fe200dbe0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The surface code with a twist","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Isaac H. Kim, Theodore J. Yoder","submitted_at":"2016-12-14T20:25:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new variety called twists have made it possible to implement the full Clifford group without state distillation. Here we investigate a patch-based encoding involving a modified twist. In our modified formulation, the resulting codes, called triangle codes for the shape of their planar layout, have only weight-four checks and relatively simple syndrome extraction ci"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.04795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PAJx8DkSNyRoQduoECtoA3gDAtBVr83MehO4PfzBvVHRz9quE0bF6HwutfQSv5GeYnTAuHlZRl2/h4yJLxb5Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T00:19:32.649088Z"},"content_sha256":"9d95fe86b8fbc4610d79a61cc07c63e54d8682b21eb90931a10137be8ee60f1b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9d95fe86b8fbc4610d79a61cc07c63e54d8682b21eb90931a10137be8ee60f1b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T00:19:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB232JQ577W4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c4f0d688ec605f850d4fa95eb0292b106ca0ad6600c9584efb0377d99507dab6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-12-14T20:25:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"ddf0c7ee2ec18ab9e3ec9c4cb4eed4fbac145b310393c56c21decb71510994db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.04795","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.04795","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.04795v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.04795","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GQ3YD6VRJW25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GQ3YD6VRJW25UUQB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GQ3YD6VR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9d95fe86b8fbc4610d79a61cc07c63e54d8682b21eb90931a10137be8ee60f1b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new variety called twists have made it possible to implement the full Clifford group without state distillation. Here we investigate a patch-based encoding involving a modified twist. In our modified formulation, the resulting codes, called triangle codes for the shape of their planar layout, have only weight-four checks and relatively simple syndrome extraction ci","authors_text":"Isaac H. Kim, Theodore J. Yoder","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-12-14T20:25:03Z","title":"The surface code with a twist"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.04795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7239314544e3eefaaa91ea3c02aca0c2ca1d6c157824fc1b82bd707fe200dbe0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c4f0d688ec605f850d4fa95eb0292b106ca0ad6600c9584efb0377d99507dab6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-12-14T20:25:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"ddf0c7ee2ec18ab9e3ec9c4cb4eed4fbac145b310393c56c21decb71510994db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.04795","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"343781fab14db5da5201d6f49877ffb723e806413eecbc2612634aa6fc862b93","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"343781fab14db5da5201d6f49877ffb723e806413eecbc2612634aa6fc862b93","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44.022788Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44.022788Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"E+IaSagjF/f3gEhfoVmvhXWvu/vyrYNtsbKhdR+RGJ0FjuuKiHcBk+IwgHd3tXnqaoshWxvc8eUCtgdmCamrDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:44.023446Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1612.04795","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7239314544e3eefaaa91ea3c02aca0c2ca1d6c157824fc1b82bd707fe200dbe0","sha256:9d95fe86b8fbc4610d79a61cc07c63e54d8682b21eb90931a10137be8ee60f1b"],"state_sha256":"353d16da42a518173c1391ad1a78e69788dbede907482bbaa94895457977623f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"08uLTMl9CQ3affQq6CxiS0/4QdNmtmoxelsoNfG+PDvlnMEL7GiaDdcd/qnF8Su2XlrezbQgi9OwJtSRN88SCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T00:19:32.652171Z","bundle_sha256":"1350685375c90d19469ecc6fc9a4bf82e21fb35fb0e40fda5b6830f333f70f17"}}