{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY","short_pith_number":"pith:GRVPETA5","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"346af24c1d4fd3e3a17406584dde699e0ff9793bb20f6123dfd1b58f7cb410a5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.03160","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Effect of Wideband Beam Squint on Codebook Design in Phased-Array Wireless Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Bertrand Hochwald, Ding Nie, Huang Huang, J. Nicholas Laneman, Kang Gao, Kunpeng Liu, Mingming Cai","submitted_at":"2016-09-11T13:32:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Analog beamforming with phased arrays is a promising technique for 5G wireless communication at millimeter wave frequencies. Using a discrete codebook consisting of multiple analog beams, each beam focuses on a certain range of angles of arrival or departure and corresponds to a set of fixed phase shifts across frequency due to practical hardware considerations. However, for sufficiently large bandwidth, the gain provided by the phased array is actually frequency dependent, which is an effect called beam squint, and this effect occurs even if the radiation pattern of the antenna elements is fr"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.03160","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2016-09-11T13:32:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"7fcd4e1b99449857db60d64399c0ef09fa4ec2aacf1b1654a995ec44781b13ce","abstract_canon_sha256":"b21ac93880251c39d6e31a613a120bd1a1d158706dd208cd84a22c5f68df51b6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313927Z","signature_b64":"2V3OPo9ft2P8SMkCE5MDAkZ/UthpVXOCt8TznJrXc+54X2kjQb+utlkqUpFhxiBM/W2i/gNsuXzqppTPrvaCDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"346af24c1d4fd3e3a17406584dde699e0ff9793bb20f6123dfd1b58f7cb410a5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313452Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313452Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effect of Wideband Beam Squint on Codebook Design in Phased-Array Wireless Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Bertrand Hochwald, Ding Nie, Huang Huang, J. Nicholas Laneman, Kang Gao, Kunpeng Liu, Mingming Cai","submitted_at":"2016-09-11T13:32:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Analog beamforming with phased arrays is a promising technique for 5G wireless communication at millimeter wave frequencies. Using a discrete codebook consisting of multiple analog beams, each beam focuses on a certain range of angles of arrival or departure and corresponds to a set of fixed phase shifts across frequency due to practical hardware considerations. However, for sufficiently large bandwidth, the gain provided by the phased array is actually frequency dependent, which is an effect called beam squint, and this effect occurs even if the radiation pattern of the antenna elements is fr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.03160","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.03160","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313533+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.03160v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313533+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.03160","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313533+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GRVPETA5J7J6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19.053100+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GRVPETA5J7J6HILU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19.053100+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GRVPETA5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19.053100+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY","json":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GRVPETA5"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GRVPETA5","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1609.03160&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/GRVPETA5J7J6HILUAZME3XTJTY/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313533+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:05.313533+00:00"}