{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW","short_pith_number":"pith:GSNMXNRX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.04493","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-08T18:01:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-fin.CP"],"title_canon_sha256":"321df7cb55bc524c24b4767d4fa59b116e73a705ee53b191a60775c74f0f1adb","abstract_canon_sha256":"bf209a62e73e04f68135193c1aa9ab93ae4ba5df9cc6a3329774607422bcac51"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"349acbb637fb957643e03a88ae704e6da74300a83763a5434ea4be7b6f634649","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2308.04493","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.04493","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.04493v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.04493","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GSNMXNRX7OKX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7A","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GSNMXNRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.04493","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-08T18:01:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-fin.CP"],"title_canon_sha256":"321df7cb55bc524c24b4767d4fa59b116e73a705ee53b191a60775c74f0f1adb","abstract_canon_sha256":"bf209a62e73e04f68135193c1aa9ab93ae4ba5df9cc6a3329774607422bcac51"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"349acbb637fb957643e03a88ae704e6da74300a83763a5434ea4be7b6f634649","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16.848448Z","signature_b64":"LHWTvupAfKdVk6njga89BY4E7qdNT/n7O9fXQ3Kx/Rk/e3s5IcYCdOxV4M5RjmyF6dCRiIkNP1mawdhO78DLCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"349acbb637fb957643e03a88ae704e6da74300a83763a5434ea4be7b6f634649","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16.848008Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16.848008Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2308.04493","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vPDcOHFEN/lc8rxfoRBW20Xwi3XUGKroV7AlKRmWS4p5fLf3JutmB6uf7AwlTCu/lu8r3guWf4/iEErPxvdaAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:15:45.537935Z"},"content_sha256":"850cdf83dd92936fe0dd6e9f0aba7309c0872b42951f7cef29baf4368543fbf6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:850cdf83dd92936fe0dd6e9f0aba7309c0872b42951f7cef29baf4368543fbf6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient option pricing with unary-based photonic computing chip and generative adversarial learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","q-fin.CP"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Ai Qun Liu, Feng Gao, Guo-Qiang Lo, Hong Cai, Hui Zhang, Jos\\'e Ignacio Latorre, Leong Chuan Kwek, Lingxiao Wan, Sergi Ramos-Calderer, Wai-Keong Mok, Xianshu Luo, Yuancheng Zhan","submitted_at":"2023-08-08T18:01:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the modern financial industry system, the structure of products has become more and more complex, and the bottleneck constraint of classical computing power has already restricted the development of the financial industry. Here, we present a photonic chip that implements the unary approach to European option pricing, in combination with the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm, to achieve a quadratic speedup compared to classical Monte Carlo methods. The circuit consists of three modules: a module loading the distribution of asset prices, a module computing the expected payoff, and a modu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.04493","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.04493/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yXIm6b6W6Oq+y0UXwGKxJSme8ehuWDhEyPR/FrXlvVk/tVWdB16Q4f1ZWHXl9kXTrYinUUvespHsbVRQ8s1aCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:15:45.538427Z"},"content_sha256":"36dfc5cff7c51a2dcd1f7458fe3afcace963bd809029ddf7ffbb642f4daec6f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:36dfc5cff7c51a2dcd1f7458fe3afcace963bd809029ddf7ffbb642f4daec6f9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T04:15:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7AHKEK44CONW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bf209a62e73e04f68135193c1aa9ab93ae4ba5df9cc6a3329774607422bcac51","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-fin.CP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-08T18:01:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"321df7cb55bc524c24b4767d4fa59b116e73a705ee53b191a60775c74f0f1adb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.04493","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.04493","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.04493v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.04493","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GSNMXNRX7OKX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GSNMXNRX7OKXMQ7A","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GSNMXNRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:36dfc5cff7c51a2dcd1f7458fe3afcace963bd809029ddf7ffbb642f4daec6f9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2308.04493/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the modern financial industry system, the structure of products has become more and more complex, and the bottleneck constraint of classical computing power has already restricted the development of the financial industry. Here, we present a photonic chip that implements the unary approach to European option pricing, in combination with the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm, to achieve a quadratic speedup compared to classical Monte Carlo methods. The circuit consists of three modules: a module loading the distribution of asset prices, a module computing the expected payoff, and a modu","authors_text":"Ai Qun Liu, Feng Gao, Guo-Qiang Lo, Hong Cai, Hui Zhang, Jos\\'e Ignacio Latorre, Leong Chuan Kwek, Lingxiao Wan, Sergi Ramos-Calderer, Wai-Keong Mok, Xianshu Luo, Yuancheng Zhan","cross_cats":["cs.LG","q-fin.CP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-08T18:01:26Z","title":"Efficient option pricing with unary-based photonic computing chip and generative adversarial learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.04493","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:850cdf83dd92936fe0dd6e9f0aba7309c0872b42951f7cef29baf4368543fbf6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bf209a62e73e04f68135193c1aa9ab93ae4ba5df9cc6a3329774607422bcac51","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-fin.CP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-08T18:01:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"321df7cb55bc524c24b4767d4fa59b116e73a705ee53b191a60775c74f0f1adb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.04493","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"349acbb637fb957643e03a88ae704e6da74300a83763a5434ea4be7b6f634649","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"349acbb637fb957643e03a88ae704e6da74300a83763a5434ea4be7b6f634649","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16.848008Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16.848008Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LHWTvupAfKdVk6njga89BY4E7qdNT/n7O9fXQ3Kx/Rk/e3s5IcYCdOxV4M5RjmyF6dCRiIkNP1mawdhO78DLCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:16.848448Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2308.04493","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:850cdf83dd92936fe0dd6e9f0aba7309c0872b42951f7cef29baf4368543fbf6","sha256:36dfc5cff7c51a2dcd1f7458fe3afcace963bd809029ddf7ffbb642f4daec6f9"],"state_sha256":"2a2f5641d7911fdfdeee25511f17db7e03cdc9af94555fa7ba0df8340c5ca732"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IucR/XTbGlmlH6UOgykZ9TSZc7kQ84sa9slnUdQJ1zxCNTWsMAOjsEt7RRFqEFxTs+oVpSafRxWE4hWb4NKsAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:15:45.541918Z","bundle_sha256":"fd8109ebe14b93a1d0ff1d861ca3acbedc3c9b35d78a5dbe89d789f0c5426b59"}}