{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2011:GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR","short_pith_number":"pith:GUOUVLXO","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"351d4aaeee7abb0a43549d2b4500e76c67de1a22bd33a6aee8859f6a99ca2762","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1111.6948","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"APDs as Single-Photon Detectors for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelenghts down to Hz Rates","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nucl-ex"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"C. Weinheimer, D. Hampf, J. Mader, R. Berendes, R. J\\\"ohren, R. S\\'anchez, V. Hannen, W. Buglak, W. N\\\"ortersh\\\"auser","submitted_at":"2011-11-29T19:49:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"For the SPECTRAP experiment at GSI, Germany, detectors with Single-Photon counting capability in the visible and near-infrared regime are required. For the wavelength region up to 1100 nm we investigate the performance of 2x2 mm^2 avalanche photo diodes (APDs) of type S0223 manufactured by Radiation Monitoring Devices. To minimize thermal noise, the APDs are cooled to approximately -170 deg. C using liquid nitrogen. By operating the diodes close to the breakdown voltage it is possible to achieve relative gains in excess of 2x10^4. Custom-made low noise preamplifiers are used to read out the de"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.6948","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2011-11-29T19:49:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nucl-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"ebb9c41ef2e4b0abafc3d1978946f90c463c0957bbf4857630b381e60c2bfc99","abstract_canon_sha256":"55959f79dff2ec3384b31fe13fe85368b1b91b114c71d855c9518200befcaa39"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.664438Z","signature_b64":"bo2JNBEAjcG5eDUTQYCHzOvM93kRn5h7Ryq2WQgxioSEAsgVpwOb1lRjK6mBeFfx020K+CrnK0iFO+a5Kk1QCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"351d4aaeee7abb0a43549d2b4500e76c67de1a22bd33a6aee8859f6a99ca2762","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663776Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"APDs as Single-Photon Detectors for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelenghts down to Hz Rates","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nucl-ex"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"C. Weinheimer, D. Hampf, J. Mader, R. Berendes, R. J\\\"ohren, R. S\\'anchez, V. Hannen, W. Buglak, W. N\\\"ortersh\\\"auser","submitted_at":"2011-11-29T19:49:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"For the SPECTRAP experiment at GSI, Germany, detectors with Single-Photon counting capability in the visible and near-infrared regime are required. For the wavelength region up to 1100 nm we investigate the performance of 2x2 mm^2 avalanche photo diodes (APDs) of type S0223 manufactured by Radiation Monitoring Devices. To minimize thermal noise, the APDs are cooled to approximately -170 deg. C using liquid nitrogen. By operating the diodes close to the breakdown voltage it is possible to achieve relative gains in excess of 2x10^4. Custom-made low noise preamplifiers are used to read out the de"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.6948","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.6948","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663880+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.6948v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663880+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.6948","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663880+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GUOUVLXOPK5Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30.835961+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30.835961+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GUOUVLXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30.835961+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR","json":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GUOUVLXO"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GUOUVLXO","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1111.6948&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/GUOUVLXOPK5QUQ2UTUVUKAHHNR/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663880+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:51.663880+00:00"}