{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2011:GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK","short_pith_number":"pith:GUXQS43F","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"352f0973655f26effc5b92b32ed63cb294627199069a271cf385c828dd07fbea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1102.4829","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Order statistics of the early-type galaxy luminosity function","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Istvan Csabai, Laszlo Dobos","submitted_at":"2011-02-23T19:59:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We apply order statistics (OS) to the bright end ($M_r < -22$) of the luminosity distribution of early-type galaxies spectroscopically identified in the SDSS DR7 catalog. We calculate the typical OS quantities of this distribution numerically, measuring the expectation value and variance of the $k^{th}$ most luminous galaxy in a sample with cardinality $N$ over a large ensemble of such samples. From these statistical quantities we explain why and in what limit the $k^{th}$ most luminous galaxies can be used as standard candles for cosmological studies.\n  Since our sample contains all bright ga"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1102.4829","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-02-23T19:59:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be03db9dea640ebb543d4193e0474d6a245064894f7f9231f75630344af7c50f","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ee34ce73ce1e587dfcc5c2fbe11c4b8c11eb191e09370b21a50eff2e6143fb9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.865262Z","signature_b64":"7bK4l95a72ytqlW2xdmDUgxCO99hY9qqJs9K5GU6FukRkI9rVziRKqpC1JvgWLyVe5VTKqezGakgUkWUSL1EAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"352f0973655f26effc5b92b32ed63cb294627199069a271cf385c828dd07fbea","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864525Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864525Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Order statistics of the early-type galaxy luminosity function","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Istvan Csabai, Laszlo Dobos","submitted_at":"2011-02-23T19:59:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We apply order statistics (OS) to the bright end ($M_r < -22$) of the luminosity distribution of early-type galaxies spectroscopically identified in the SDSS DR7 catalog. We calculate the typical OS quantities of this distribution numerically, measuring the expectation value and variance of the $k^{th}$ most luminous galaxy in a sample with cardinality $N$ over a large ensemble of such samples. From these statistical quantities we explain why and in what limit the $k^{th}$ most luminous galaxies can be used as standard candles for cosmological studies.\n  Since our sample contains all bright ga"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1102.4829","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1102.4829","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864654+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1102.4829v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864654+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1102.4829","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864654+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GUXQS43FL4TO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30.835961+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GUXQS43FL4TO77C3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30.835961+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GUXQS43F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30.835961+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GUXQS43F"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GUXQS43F","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1102.4829&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/GUXQS43FL4TO77C3SKZS5VR4WK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864654+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:05.864654+00:00"}