{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5","short_pith_number":"pith:GW2ZZUST","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.4638","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T22:36:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"24c703512291f60f5d687aa2f67474f28f41a4efe804e5a1e8792960816623e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"3dccc89758c0e24accac9f7206fdbf4aadb348ba7e25910ee61cc3071be4162e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35b59cd2530eb09ad85006ddc12cf6cf6cfd22639505469646c437d8af06bad1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.4638","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.4638","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.4638v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.4638","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GW2ZZUSTB2YJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GW2ZZUST","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.4638","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T22:36:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"24c703512291f60f5d687aa2f67474f28f41a4efe804e5a1e8792960816623e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"3dccc89758c0e24accac9f7206fdbf4aadb348ba7e25910ee61cc3071be4162e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35b59cd2530eb09ad85006ddc12cf6cf6cfd22639505469646c437d8af06bad1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44.110494Z","signature_b64":"G9h499k0zGl6itYH48rLcaptIEniDL5Clxwu4lzfvgcfOrwG7p2zvG/wtt6PcvMns8nZuwa+BvWZibjs7Se+DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"35b59cd2530eb09ad85006ddc12cf6cf6cfd22639505469646c437d8af06bad1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44.109844Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44.109844Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.4638","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ng0aZ8Rq+S3ylyjCpUcl3SD/d5aA/qQRd0+8Sbguwd82Zqcy0wabljY8UPx4GrL5c9dGYnf1Hsu38CEkfseqBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T09:24:41.486051Z"},"content_sha256":"edcd55d6d59eb59cb5298be6789368d3da120fbbf393d059503a32383d9d8000","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:edcd55d6d59eb59cb5298be6789368d3da120fbbf393d059503a32383d9d8000"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Drag reduction by a solid wall emulating spanwise oscillations. Part 1","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Sergei Chernyshenko","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T22:36:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"A new idea for turbulent skin-friction reduction is proposed, wherein the shape of the solid wall is designed to create the spanwise pressure gradient acting similarly to the well-known method of drag reduction by in-plane spanwise wall motion. Estimates based on the assumption of similarity with drag reduction effect of in-plane wall motion suggest that drag reduction of about 2.4% can be achieved in the flow past a wavy wall, with the crests forming an angle of about 38 degrees with the main flow direction, and the wave period in the main flow direction equal to about 1500 wall units. The re"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.4638","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ih+hRzJVECPwbNahyVQpoEkRSqo4OlN0k7/jw1FH3WsrvzRcbi/p6qLfpSVRK+dJLAaX36fEhWFuuP07Az7UDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T09:24:41.486416Z"},"content_sha256":"e660c4b394c13bbb3fa799337497be45dcdcb8dcf5030f0972e06af92ca0e380","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e660c4b394c13bbb3fa799337497be45dcdcb8dcf5030f0972e06af92ca0e380"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T09:24:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQA3O4CLHWZ5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3dccc89758c0e24accac9f7206fdbf4aadb348ba7e25910ee61cc3071be4162e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T22:36:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"24c703512291f60f5d687aa2f67474f28f41a4efe804e5a1e8792960816623e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.4638","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.4638","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.4638v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.4638","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GW2ZZUSTB2YJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GW2ZZUSTB2YJVWCQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GW2ZZUST","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e660c4b394c13bbb3fa799337497be45dcdcb8dcf5030f0972e06af92ca0e380","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A new idea for turbulent skin-friction reduction is proposed, wherein the shape of the solid wall is designed to create the spanwise pressure gradient acting similarly to the well-known method of drag reduction by in-plane spanwise wall motion. Estimates based on the assumption of similarity with drag reduction effect of in-plane wall motion suggest that drag reduction of about 2.4% can be achieved in the flow past a wavy wall, with the crests forming an angle of about 38 degrees with the main flow direction, and the wave period in the main flow direction equal to about 1500 wall units. The re","authors_text":"Sergei Chernyshenko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T22:36:33Z","title":"Drag reduction by a solid wall emulating spanwise oscillations. Part 1"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.4638","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:edcd55d6d59eb59cb5298be6789368d3da120fbbf393d059503a32383d9d8000","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3dccc89758c0e24accac9f7206fdbf4aadb348ba7e25910ee61cc3071be4162e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T22:36:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"24c703512291f60f5d687aa2f67474f28f41a4efe804e5a1e8792960816623e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.4638","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"35b59cd2530eb09ad85006ddc12cf6cf6cfd22639505469646c437d8af06bad1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"35b59cd2530eb09ad85006ddc12cf6cf6cfd22639505469646c437d8af06bad1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44.109844Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44.109844Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"G9h499k0zGl6itYH48rLcaptIEniDL5Clxwu4lzfvgcfOrwG7p2zvG/wtt6PcvMns8nZuwa+BvWZibjs7Se+DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:44.110494Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.4638","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:edcd55d6d59eb59cb5298be6789368d3da120fbbf393d059503a32383d9d8000","sha256:e660c4b394c13bbb3fa799337497be45dcdcb8dcf5030f0972e06af92ca0e380"],"state_sha256":"b6fb3fcc54f92b14000fcc1d9d40c4e19f5ad5e7d238e171be97847537cdc4c5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T9MNnookuirIvJ/PxES60Pif1iGkzvEx+v4+VofIUUMYrbdWQjHAJ8BHqzV6MqBXMOsq8qp50YVp603o4W20DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T09:24:41.488239Z","bundle_sha256":"b9a4c88f4741f3fc7461e617aeadb6124a0372f3d467a6c900bf7bf88e495ead"}}