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Here we show that X-ray afterglow observations on day time scale constrain the pre-shock magnetic field to satisfy B>0.2[n/(1/cc)]^{5/8} mG, where n is the pre-shock density. This suggests that either the shock propagates into a hig"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0603427","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-03-16T16:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"01e9b6e237c13ac105b93c3b4e8eefacfd69553c59c55d6b001c9c63e8aaa720","abstract_canon_sha256":"5626adbd32911906f1884c6d51a25a04536b43603223d8e69133d96b9da58731"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:36:21.620795Z","signature_b64":"T32s1WLt46TFr4oWynJ6Na9ys7DY0UxUp929A5FjLuHFfe61DfcnMJkOhZ0C4PbKTxCS6TmrwLUGLxVdHhi0Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"35af83e362b92d04c1731ee1001b5e321d8f75938f25a1788408f35e39d07f3e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:36:21.620209Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:36:21.620209Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The upstream magnetic field of GRB shocks","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Eli Waxman (Weizmann Inst.), Zhuo Li","submitted_at":"2006-03-16T16:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission is believed to be produced by synchrotron emission of electrons accelerated to high energy by a relativistic collisionless shock propagating into a weakly magnetized plasma. 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