{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR","short_pith_number":"pith:GWYQTIW7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.04713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T11:50:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con","physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e85c8b482ac2455a7da18212c472143fc640ee68d60af8a01245d995b49c0c1","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4ae6b0d88f4e7f66a491529588403bcffb9fc254353d7233fb5029558ed8d2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35b109a2df26686697cb4a876821d4144c58969a0eef8e032ba7182f61e0f845","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.04713","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.04713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.04713v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.04713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GWYQTIW7EZUG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GWYQTIW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.04713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T11:50:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con","physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e85c8b482ac2455a7da18212c472143fc640ee68d60af8a01245d995b49c0c1","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4ae6b0d88f4e7f66a491529588403bcffb9fc254353d7233fb5029558ed8d2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35b109a2df26686697cb4a876821d4144c58969a0eef8e032ba7182f61e0f845","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25.034908Z","signature_b64":"mNQvqOOUdWBTp56hVvClx12xSiU7G1XgIzNgTBG2Due981Lo5JP4dC9BtOApAczZlxiESJ/xHR6LdqMLWlRCAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"35b109a2df26686697cb4a876821d4144c58969a0eef8e032ba7182f61e0f845","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25.034297Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25.034297Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.04713","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M9cfrXGoWn+ym5wuiqS7K3etjcMcdkL2d1N+aSY0MFTtZM1CdyYmAc1GnUTVOsYEbY/n9aq6CRHhY4OQuyuMAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T19:16:55.889635Z"},"content_sha256":"569774df99cbdce6994cdf0686767edaf92016882690f9d6ed1b70dc7c0bf50e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:569774df99cbdce6994cdf0686767edaf92016882690f9d6ed1b70dc7c0bf50e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dark counts of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector under illumination","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.supr-con","physics.ins-det"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Hao Li, Lixing You, Lu Zhang, Sijing Chen, Weijun Zhang, Xiaoming Xie, Xiaoyan Yang, Zhen Wang","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T11:50:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"An abnormal increase in the SDE was observed for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) when the bias current (Ib) was close to the switching current (Isw). By introducing the time-correlated single-photon counting technique, we investigated the temporal histogram of the detection counts of an SNSPD under illumination. The temporal information helps us to distinguish photon counts from dark counts in the time domain. In this manner, the dark count rate (DCR) under illumination and the accurate SDE can be determined. The DCR under moderate illumination may be significantly la"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.04713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SIBjad+WWNCngwqJ6robXLwY9kUmfcXfQgYgj+15tajqfFdu+GsaMd/6Ywhedfxqc3GjdfZkiiFsEwYYGhuoBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T19:16:55.890277Z"},"content_sha256":"1cd789d61ddfd1c891b2a9ba392cae080a0fb9162bc13c31cb04e1f68dfc0632","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1cd789d61ddfd1c891b2a9ba392cae080a0fb9162bc13c31cb04e1f68dfc0632"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T19:16:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6LJKDWQIOUCR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c4ae6b0d88f4e7f66a491529588403bcffb9fc254353d7233fb5029558ed8d2f","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con","physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T11:50:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e85c8b482ac2455a7da18212c472143fc640ee68d60af8a01245d995b49c0c1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.04713","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.04713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.04713v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.04713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GWYQTIW7EZUG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GWYQTIW7EZUGNF6L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GWYQTIW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1cd789d61ddfd1c891b2a9ba392cae080a0fb9162bc13c31cb04e1f68dfc0632","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"An abnormal increase in the SDE was observed for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) when the bias current (Ib) was close to the switching current (Isw). By introducing the time-correlated single-photon counting technique, we investigated the temporal histogram of the detection counts of an SNSPD under illumination. The temporal information helps us to distinguish photon counts from dark counts in the time domain. In this manner, the dark count rate (DCR) under illumination and the accurate SDE can be determined. The DCR under moderate illumination may be significantly la","authors_text":"Hao Li, Lixing You, Lu Zhang, Sijing Chen, Weijun Zhang, Xiaoming Xie, Xiaoyan Yang, Zhen Wang","cross_cats":["cond-mat.supr-con","physics.ins-det"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T11:50:55Z","title":"Dark counts of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector under illumination"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.04713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:569774df99cbdce6994cdf0686767edaf92016882690f9d6ed1b70dc7c0bf50e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c4ae6b0d88f4e7f66a491529588403bcffb9fc254353d7233fb5029558ed8d2f","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con","physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T11:50:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e85c8b482ac2455a7da18212c472143fc640ee68d60af8a01245d995b49c0c1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.04713","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"35b109a2df26686697cb4a876821d4144c58969a0eef8e032ba7182f61e0f845","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"35b109a2df26686697cb4a876821d4144c58969a0eef8e032ba7182f61e0f845","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25.034297Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25.034297Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mNQvqOOUdWBTp56hVvClx12xSiU7G1XgIzNgTBG2Due981Lo5JP4dC9BtOApAczZlxiESJ/xHR6LdqMLWlRCAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:25.034908Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.04713","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:569774df99cbdce6994cdf0686767edaf92016882690f9d6ed1b70dc7c0bf50e","sha256:1cd789d61ddfd1c891b2a9ba392cae080a0fb9162bc13c31cb04e1f68dfc0632"],"state_sha256":"8d625c49bfae43bc807989416743f5887bdedd7130994f20801dfc958ea5a17b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j6u9w0SNZB2BWK8xp54/1zk5PzFLYkoxHeqOU2dKV0NDzVkPmQ5qYteymQJkW1MWunt5t+kwya4XUq2BFBf/Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T19:16:55.893662Z","bundle_sha256":"83c973e2f2b9a35e9b96b69e27123bb413c766049080a48f1ed908d85794cca8"}}