{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR","short_pith_number":"pith:GXMU7WLR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.09686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-01-18T02:31:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"title_canon_sha256":"751655ed5b83072dfae15aefe8da08eee843f552b5115cc9f9f6ef2302c34aee","abstract_canon_sha256":"2859f04e016bef5d4e0169c92b9487e367401e777c50b081d1cfcd9de8dd2841"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35d94fd9713d2b7bede7226995f74f1c71444642fd3cde57832c0cb16af92df6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2401.09686","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.09686","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.09686v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.09686","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GXMU7WLRHUVX","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PH","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GXMU7WLR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.09686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-01-18T02:31:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"title_canon_sha256":"751655ed5b83072dfae15aefe8da08eee843f552b5115cc9f9f6ef2302c34aee","abstract_canon_sha256":"2859f04e016bef5d4e0169c92b9487e367401e777c50b081d1cfcd9de8dd2841"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35d94fd9713d2b7bede7226995f74f1c71444642fd3cde57832c0cb16af92df6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59.102969Z","signature_b64":"jI3zY+pWHHtOmjGwsBxfq7rryMKVEV4n/92bOwPOCFIVwuekLN6Marl8eVRgf075aDbYRxGifA4Ei+LjoTESBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"35d94fd9713d2b7bede7226995f74f1c71444642fd3cde57832c0cb16af92df6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59.102503Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59.102503Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2401.09686","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z2WlAJK1aH7BszKVb+1h3vDqGynrCPo6h5M6g3K6mgovDkNQ0HhxZkYMOpYWC1k4GD8SzB3X8+JdOR5Pkv2YAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T00:20:19.242922Z"},"content_sha256":"b213c4a8bca738db02c3b1f71a79e34e529bb8423bdbb2204b5cf9fef7b58a21","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b213c4a8bca738db02c3b1f71a79e34e529bb8423bdbb2204b5cf9fef7b58a21"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Empirical Study on the Impact of Positional Encoding in Transformer-based Monaural Speech Enhancement","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SD"],"primary_cat":"eess.AS","authors_text":"Eliathamby Ambikairajah, Haizhou Li, Hongxu Zhu, Meng Ge, Qiquan Zhang, Qi Song, Zhaoheng Ni","submitted_at":"2024-01-18T02:31:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Transformer architecture has enabled recent progress in speech enhancement. Since Transformers are position-agostic, positional encoding is the de facto standard component used to enable Transformers to distinguish the order of elements in a sequence. However, it remains unclear how positional encoding exactly impacts speech enhancement based on Transformer architectures. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive empirical study evaluating five positional encoding methods, i.e., Sinusoidal and learned absolute position embedding (APE), T5-RPE, KERPLE, as well as the Transformer without positio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.09686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2401.09686/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fatBaTqKzVo7RlqRTEDTvmRjYa04tpRqkGwadVrUwNVJyT9GMQVllliDoQSzCeq0RmYDKmYl3d7qYg9TbaykCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T00:20:19.243494Z"},"content_sha256":"ec52980cc886bb9c242e8ca164f349ecae7944907a9f912d6ec5317ac07d7dd0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ec52980cc886bb9c242e8ca164f349ecae7944907a9f912d6ec5317ac07d7dd0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T00:20:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PHEJUZL52PDR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2859f04e016bef5d4e0169c92b9487e367401e777c50b081d1cfcd9de8dd2841","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-01-18T02:31:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"751655ed5b83072dfae15aefe8da08eee843f552b5115cc9f9f6ef2302c34aee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.09686","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.09686","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.09686v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.09686","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GXMU7WLRHUVX","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GXMU7WLRHUVXX3PH","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GXMU7WLR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ec52980cc886bb9c242e8ca164f349ecae7944907a9f912d6ec5317ac07d7dd0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2401.09686/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Transformer architecture has enabled recent progress in speech enhancement. Since Transformers are position-agostic, positional encoding is the de facto standard component used to enable Transformers to distinguish the order of elements in a sequence. However, it remains unclear how positional encoding exactly impacts speech enhancement based on Transformer architectures. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive empirical study evaluating five positional encoding methods, i.e., Sinusoidal and learned absolute position embedding (APE), T5-RPE, KERPLE, as well as the Transformer without positio","authors_text":"Eliathamby Ambikairajah, Haizhou Li, Hongxu Zhu, Meng Ge, Qiquan Zhang, Qi Song, Zhaoheng Ni","cross_cats":["cs.SD"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-01-18T02:31:46Z","title":"An Empirical Study on the Impact of Positional Encoding in Transformer-based Monaural Speech Enhancement"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.09686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b213c4a8bca738db02c3b1f71a79e34e529bb8423bdbb2204b5cf9fef7b58a21","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2859f04e016bef5d4e0169c92b9487e367401e777c50b081d1cfcd9de8dd2841","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-01-18T02:31:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"751655ed5b83072dfae15aefe8da08eee843f552b5115cc9f9f6ef2302c34aee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.09686","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"35d94fd9713d2b7bede7226995f74f1c71444642fd3cde57832c0cb16af92df6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"35d94fd9713d2b7bede7226995f74f1c71444642fd3cde57832c0cb16af92df6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59.102503Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59.102503Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jI3zY+pWHHtOmjGwsBxfq7rryMKVEV4n/92bOwPOCFIVwuekLN6Marl8eVRgf075aDbYRxGifA4Ei+LjoTESBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:44:59.102969Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2401.09686","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b213c4a8bca738db02c3b1f71a79e34e529bb8423bdbb2204b5cf9fef7b58a21","sha256:ec52980cc886bb9c242e8ca164f349ecae7944907a9f912d6ec5317ac07d7dd0"],"state_sha256":"f300c61f130051ae4c54e27ba67084b078c35d2db7ba8e3c9ca2c02dc035c2a1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aa5RcU/p1VkVWOqINotzDdadW9WkgYrcqTJLREhVujQ7wOmSK0I0OqC6scOE6TpaHVe+3wR1XgA6LWJNU/5XBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T00:20:19.249787Z","bundle_sha256":"bba801f5c88ead44ed1d1a18938ef17d23a4b810c94d019a5370141e9566caf8"}}