{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:GY65B3NE6D2ETDPWFHF7ASMEKQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2eb23e42a68735990c0e8c8cb4030b69d017c11d4cde9a80c491efcfb4a1e9e0","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-30T01:48:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"74f529bae040d03be632df0b84a8dbcb8091f987ee11b56bc164bf27a21f7a3a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.12482","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.12482","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.12482v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.12482","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GY65B3NE6D2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GY65B3NE6D2ETDPW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GY65B3NE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c1a743870762a45b13f11dde3df48364d5b865276cb6eccc3960f23613901a52","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1810.12482/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Variational inference is increasingly being addressed with stochastic optimization. In this setting, the gradient's variance plays a crucial role in the optimization procedure, since high variance gradients lead to poor convergence. A popular approach used to reduce gradient's variance involves the use of control variates. Despite the good results obtained, control variates developed for variational inference are typically looked at in isolation. In this paper we clarify the large number of control variates that are available by giving a systematic view of how they are derived. We also present","authors_text":"Justin Domke, Tomas Geffner","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-30T01:48:19Z","title":"Using Large Ensembles of Control Variates for Variational Inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.12482","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ae6dc45201716fdb7a8e15ba46393e01315e5b090397a1fb3d663caa3dca259e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2eb23e42a68735990c0e8c8cb4030b69d017c11d4cde9a80c491efcfb4a1e9e0","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-30T01:48:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"74f529bae040d03be632df0b84a8dbcb8091f987ee11b56bc164bf27a21f7a3a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.12482","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"363dd0eda4f0f4498df629cbf0498454122965eb3f2d3b89cd767c61e7e80878","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"363dd0eda4f0f4498df629cbf0498454122965eb3f2d3b89cd767c61e7e80878","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00.675150Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00.675150Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eYkAZe4PaVs5DI6h15rDDN+lilGZOOPe+BXJplLxkNuL0MwlzE2HapzQP53jV7jKNRSRf4OjILt011WtUgpXCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:45:00.675572Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.12482","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ae6dc45201716fdb7a8e15ba46393e01315e5b090397a1fb3d663caa3dca259e","sha256:c1a743870762a45b13f11dde3df48364d5b865276cb6eccc3960f23613901a52"],"state_sha256":"56ccf58f37dbc8d6f68383f4746b731b76f17766fa401bc0e6e114d13cba7289"}