{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU","short_pith_number":"pith:GYUDS6SW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.3532","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-12-11T04:10:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"02b54fd512f46398c2670b37deff2879394e1dca18b08c0c3ffc1814065182de","abstract_canon_sha256":"707e80df98e812a60cbe2b6df6ad24e746fa57225d97013ffb7cddbf29b7effd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3628397a566e55b6a412dd3699e0ff1d068ae78aec2312afe774ce2fc98be78c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1412.3532","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.3532","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.3532v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.3532","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GYUDS6SWNZK3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GYUDS6SW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.3532","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-12-11T04:10:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"02b54fd512f46398c2670b37deff2879394e1dca18b08c0c3ffc1814065182de","abstract_canon_sha256":"707e80df98e812a60cbe2b6df6ad24e746fa57225d97013ffb7cddbf29b7effd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3628397a566e55b6a412dd3699e0ff1d068ae78aec2312afe774ce2fc98be78c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30.880073Z","signature_b64":"oXMqiNxiReMbyGXRGJw0OYMNOBpwE8D6INlhnBHO6vchRUqBbVztWTtwAaWTfGgVin5Ans8yhslma4AalZDlCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3628397a566e55b6a412dd3699e0ff1d068ae78aec2312afe774ce2fc98be78c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30.879654Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30.879654Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1412.3532","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aQ4ZrGZXyzckBXDWtZ10Vnnffs0C4lJu/lbmWX4JEkp9ZR2JgjCc1dIKLcEtlfIiq8qpb0y+WPSTdZmSnO3YAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T09:58:46.833561Z"},"content_sha256":"312b8c7f03c8d8dbf3dcc3f477a1bf5acfa836278569765ebe0367737067274c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:312b8c7f03c8d8dbf3dcc3f477a1bf5acfa836278569765ebe0367737067274c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fermion Bags and A New Origin for a Fermion Mass","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-lat","authors_text":"Shailesh Chandrasekharan (Duke University)","submitted_at":"2014-12-11T04:10:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"The fermion bag is a powerful idea that helps to solve fermion lattice field theories using Monte Carlo methods. Some sign problems that had remained unsolved earlier can be solved within this framework. In this work we argue that the fermion bag also gives insight into a new mechanism of fermion mass generation, especially at strong couplings where fermion masses are related to the fermion bag size. On the other hand, chiral condensates arise due to zero modes in the Dirac operator within a fermion bag. Although in traditional four-fermion models the two quantities seem to be related, we show"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.3532","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u7FfoxnozYrVEM+/mtuhagfKsvHDdyUe+JbDIuaj8v7bmVTYUx4Hjd/sVCcLrkXXB9a/rlN9/cuxDzNR+zP9Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T09:58:46.833902Z"},"content_sha256":"5b2334f1fbd81a55d1a35bc95c222dce84b583d28e705621f9d861081936ff08","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5b2334f1fbd81a55d1a35bc95c222dce84b583d28e705621f9d861081936ff08"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T09:58:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS3U3JTYH7DU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"707e80df98e812a60cbe2b6df6ad24e746fa57225d97013ffb7cddbf29b7effd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-12-11T04:10:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"02b54fd512f46398c2670b37deff2879394e1dca18b08c0c3ffc1814065182de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.3532","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.3532","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.3532v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.3532","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GYUDS6SWNZK3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GYUDS6SWNZK3NJAS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GYUDS6SW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5b2334f1fbd81a55d1a35bc95c222dce84b583d28e705621f9d861081936ff08","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The fermion bag is a powerful idea that helps to solve fermion lattice field theories using Monte Carlo methods. Some sign problems that had remained unsolved earlier can be solved within this framework. In this work we argue that the fermion bag also gives insight into a new mechanism of fermion mass generation, especially at strong couplings where fermion masses are related to the fermion bag size. On the other hand, chiral condensates arise due to zero modes in the Dirac operator within a fermion bag. Although in traditional four-fermion models the two quantities seem to be related, we show","authors_text":"Shailesh Chandrasekharan (Duke University)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-12-11T04:10:31Z","title":"Fermion Bags and A New Origin for a Fermion Mass"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.3532","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:312b8c7f03c8d8dbf3dcc3f477a1bf5acfa836278569765ebe0367737067274c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"707e80df98e812a60cbe2b6df6ad24e746fa57225d97013ffb7cddbf29b7effd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-12-11T04:10:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"02b54fd512f46398c2670b37deff2879394e1dca18b08c0c3ffc1814065182de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.3532","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3628397a566e55b6a412dd3699e0ff1d068ae78aec2312afe774ce2fc98be78c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3628397a566e55b6a412dd3699e0ff1d068ae78aec2312afe774ce2fc98be78c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30.879654Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30.879654Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oXMqiNxiReMbyGXRGJw0OYMNOBpwE8D6INlhnBHO6vchRUqBbVztWTtwAaWTfGgVin5Ans8yhslma4AalZDlCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:30.880073Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1412.3532","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:312b8c7f03c8d8dbf3dcc3f477a1bf5acfa836278569765ebe0367737067274c","sha256:5b2334f1fbd81a55d1a35bc95c222dce84b583d28e705621f9d861081936ff08"],"state_sha256":"25d7283d476fc133084285238d30a0f3f87f93f2df66f35b615579268a1df7a9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V1tP6FM+mM2K2/zItAKavbd9h/9SRmtYBxdWU751Vbg1diKb8IKOxAeiFrMsq+GYbP87tj/99lgo8V6w9OYOAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T09:58:46.835812Z","bundle_sha256":"acf431d407e9809152fafd5b618f907c619725bd3461c9dd73c8d580c71bfcd2"}}