{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6","short_pith_number":"pith:GZ7CS2IP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.07740","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-01-21T19:09:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4b4d78e0574ab6e37481ad85a76e222615aaa16121842f095173e93a00747f80","abstract_canon_sha256":"b1aa885a7c982490fd3608ee01cd4104d425351d7c2b086a7e0182d27fd81791"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"367e29690f55af11f8430354e343eecf8fabe87f937c59e37a92f6c0dd5bcc03","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2001.07740","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.07740","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.07740v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.07740","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GZ7CS2IPKWXR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GZ7CS2IP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.07740","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-01-21T19:09:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4b4d78e0574ab6e37481ad85a76e222615aaa16121842f095173e93a00747f80","abstract_canon_sha256":"b1aa885a7c982490fd3608ee01cd4104d425351d7c2b086a7e0182d27fd81791"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"367e29690f55af11f8430354e343eecf8fabe87f937c59e37a92f6c0dd5bcc03","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04.390372Z","signature_b64":"JHHUkWsEo/H4y6oW93riD1ZZJaQxdaDNbhAs02GFhnNV7dpFTTFLeorizZOq6cOvhkqEBiLLWSL2iDUiVeIxBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"367e29690f55af11f8430354e343eecf8fabe87f937c59e37a92f6c0dd5bcc03","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04.389905Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04.389905Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2001.07740","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xJ1ZAmOdjbvWAQnsnru+iY19PjGF96sMcQPTHftgUFuNX5ZXAZVhkHVnsBLIP5RrlP/zQdZyBl88YFfeTW3tDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T02:55:56.668344Z"},"content_sha256":"93613d1e2fdb751e3b2273e771ef78c5bf02ffa9acaa2003e1edb233a19b2ad1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:93613d1e2fdb751e3b2273e771ef78c5bf02ffa9acaa2003e1edb233a19b2ad1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Where New Words Are Born: Distributional Semantic Analysis of Neologisms and Their Semantic Neighborhoods","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"David R. Mortensen, Ella Rabinovich, Maria Ryskina, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Yulia Tsvetkov","submitted_at":"2020-01-21T19:09:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"We perform statistical analysis of the phenomenon of neology, the process by which new words emerge in a language, using large diachronic corpora of English. We investigate the importance of two factors, semantic sparsity and frequency growth rates of semantic neighbors, formalized in the distributional semantics paradigm. We show that both factors are predictive of word emergence although we find more support for the latter hypothesis. Besides presenting a new linguistic application of distributional semantics, this study tackles the linguistic question of the role of language-internal factor"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.07740","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2001.07740/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZpsOIn7KlDYvQQ599WetaMmsprmlgNsBzUaaf8iwKKMP0u4/ePx1zK72NwXn/aP+tFfiNSZgtzKxfffH22DwCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T02:55:56.668733Z"},"content_sha256":"87672b6e837d8bcc5caebb250c2c3887fe8a685f1301b1db2366ba671cdc0526","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:87672b6e837d8bcc5caebb250c2c3887fe8a685f1301b1db2366ba671cdc0526"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-25T02:55:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CDANKOGQ7OZ6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b1aa885a7c982490fd3608ee01cd4104d425351d7c2b086a7e0182d27fd81791","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-01-21T19:09:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b4d78e0574ab6e37481ad85a76e222615aaa16121842f095173e93a00747f80"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2001.07740","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.07740","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.07740v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.07740","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GZ7CS2IPKWXR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GZ7CS2IPKWXRD6CD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GZ7CS2IP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:87672b6e837d8bcc5caebb250c2c3887fe8a685f1301b1db2366ba671cdc0526","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2001.07740/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We perform statistical analysis of the phenomenon of neology, the process by which new words emerge in a language, using large diachronic corpora of English. We investigate the importance of two factors, semantic sparsity and frequency growth rates of semantic neighbors, formalized in the distributional semantics paradigm. We show that both factors are predictive of word emergence although we find more support for the latter hypothesis. Besides presenting a new linguistic application of distributional semantics, this study tackles the linguistic question of the role of language-internal factor","authors_text":"David R. Mortensen, Ella Rabinovich, Maria Ryskina, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Yulia Tsvetkov","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-01-21T19:09:49Z","title":"Where New Words Are Born: Distributional Semantic Analysis of Neologisms and Their Semantic Neighborhoods"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.07740","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:93613d1e2fdb751e3b2273e771ef78c5bf02ffa9acaa2003e1edb233a19b2ad1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b1aa885a7c982490fd3608ee01cd4104d425351d7c2b086a7e0182d27fd81791","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-01-21T19:09:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b4d78e0574ab6e37481ad85a76e222615aaa16121842f095173e93a00747f80"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2001.07740","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"367e29690f55af11f8430354e343eecf8fabe87f937c59e37a92f6c0dd5bcc03","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"367e29690f55af11f8430354e343eecf8fabe87f937c59e37a92f6c0dd5bcc03","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04.389905Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04.389905Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JHHUkWsEo/H4y6oW93riD1ZZJaQxdaDNbhAs02GFhnNV7dpFTTFLeorizZOq6cOvhkqEBiLLWSL2iDUiVeIxBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:35:04.390372Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2001.07740","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:93613d1e2fdb751e3b2273e771ef78c5bf02ffa9acaa2003e1edb233a19b2ad1","sha256:87672b6e837d8bcc5caebb250c2c3887fe8a685f1301b1db2366ba671cdc0526"],"state_sha256":"4dd4d29ffe04610115509d9a1f410dc2e50358139d668e884660bf54bc5c55d4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FuwSVenToLU459BKvyRTG51Yxzz3YdTm6Qy4b3XM9g0hesWKdQCpl5q08hw4HGLrDy1cO/cCdcmVKiL6qX/yDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T02:55:56.671529Z","bundle_sha256":"28c092d744308a3d00ffc44f5dbe3dbbd16f0311ef80d8edff6613bd478fbc43"}}