{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD","short_pith_number":"pith:H43ZL5J7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.02596","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T19:55:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8f7d6b29f6f2f8039f65d015f2417cfcf567f48dda9b39bdff912b3fdce1b5b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"67412e2138107e86a042b8ec07c69b66241fe1073454386bb887603e0fadf088"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f3795f53fb13ce24af3feb72ed57180fd3bdbf7094fc477bbbec540a7dffbd6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.02596","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.02596","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.02596v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.02596","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H43ZL5J7WE6O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H43ZL5J7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.02596","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T19:55:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8f7d6b29f6f2f8039f65d015f2417cfcf567f48dda9b39bdff912b3fdce1b5b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"67412e2138107e86a042b8ec07c69b66241fe1073454386bb887603e0fadf088"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f3795f53fb13ce24af3feb72ed57180fd3bdbf7094fc477bbbec540a7dffbd6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30.055473Z","signature_b64":"S4Jv4Zg7769KmNuAooqrUBcW19FMhKFMIJa3oPgxJECVON5WpIG49Z63urNc3EcfonZuiTqBeJfh/iWPGcmbAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3f3795f53fb13ce24af3feb72ed57180fd3bdbf7094fc477bbbec540a7dffbd6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30.054912Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30.054912Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.02596","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J3vIJ7yl3xg7bRGdleTFnKgwxJt5YbcFvJFAORo+XbQqxq3H/lpYof1fq4J8Roap+braLHscQP4z1eaQa32ZAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:12:52.282505Z"},"content_sha256":"ee592e87ea0fae284d22dfc802ec7fee985c29e871bebfce0af21868f8ea19c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ee592e87ea0fae284d22dfc802ec7fee985c29e871bebfce0af21868f8ea19c4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Buddy Compression: Enabling Larger Memory for Deep Learning and HPC Workloads on GPUs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AR","authors_text":"David Nellans, Esha Choukse, Jeff Pool, Mattan Erez, Michael Sullivan, Mike O'Connor, Steve Keckler","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T19:55:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"GPUs offer orders-of-magnitude higher memory bandwidth than traditional CPU-only systems. However, GPU device memory tends to be relatively small and the memory capacity can not be increased by the user. This paper describes Buddy Compression, a scheme to increase both the effective GPU memory capacity and bandwidth while avoiding the downsides of conventional memory-expanding strategies. Buddy Compression compresses GPU memory, splitting each compressed memory entry between high-speed device memory and a slower-but-larger disaggregated memory pool (or system memory). Highly-compressible memor"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.02596","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ji68tQqHZT5zc/PSnBo005Kyzjt4n/kle0kFzwVwROw5S8WP6e6nl8KykTPSW6Mx9bHCLZGdSw5Y8TCglGWEAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:12:52.282867Z"},"content_sha256":"8533a0dbe5f32a157f6f8d6c8b37eabdb76305f077c3677333cdba3e44b2601c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8533a0dbe5f32a157f6f8d6c8b37eabdb76305f077c3677333cdba3e44b2601c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T13:12:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT723S5VLRQD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"67412e2138107e86a042b8ec07c69b66241fe1073454386bb887603e0fadf088","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T19:55:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"8f7d6b29f6f2f8039f65d015f2417cfcf567f48dda9b39bdff912b3fdce1b5b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.02596","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.02596","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.02596v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.02596","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H43ZL5J7WE6O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H43ZL5J7WE6OESXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H43ZL5J7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8533a0dbe5f32a157f6f8d6c8b37eabdb76305f077c3677333cdba3e44b2601c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"GPUs offer orders-of-magnitude higher memory bandwidth than traditional CPU-only systems. However, GPU device memory tends to be relatively small and the memory capacity can not be increased by the user. This paper describes Buddy Compression, a scheme to increase both the effective GPU memory capacity and bandwidth while avoiding the downsides of conventional memory-expanding strategies. Buddy Compression compresses GPU memory, splitting each compressed memory entry between high-speed device memory and a slower-but-larger disaggregated memory pool (or system memory). Highly-compressible memor","authors_text":"David Nellans, Esha Choukse, Jeff Pool, Mattan Erez, Michael Sullivan, Mike O'Connor, Steve Keckler","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T19:55:19Z","title":"Buddy Compression: Enabling Larger Memory for Deep Learning and HPC Workloads on GPUs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.02596","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ee592e87ea0fae284d22dfc802ec7fee985c29e871bebfce0af21868f8ea19c4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"67412e2138107e86a042b8ec07c69b66241fe1073454386bb887603e0fadf088","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T19:55:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"8f7d6b29f6f2f8039f65d015f2417cfcf567f48dda9b39bdff912b3fdce1b5b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.02596","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3f3795f53fb13ce24af3feb72ed57180fd3bdbf7094fc477bbbec540a7dffbd6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3f3795f53fb13ce24af3feb72ed57180fd3bdbf7094fc477bbbec540a7dffbd6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30.054912Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30.054912Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"S4Jv4Zg7769KmNuAooqrUBcW19FMhKFMIJa3oPgxJECVON5WpIG49Z63urNc3EcfonZuiTqBeJfh/iWPGcmbAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:30.055473Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.02596","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ee592e87ea0fae284d22dfc802ec7fee985c29e871bebfce0af21868f8ea19c4","sha256:8533a0dbe5f32a157f6f8d6c8b37eabdb76305f077c3677333cdba3e44b2601c"],"state_sha256":"640ce57a284189b5ad680a5eb3c5b90601b97e0e70db01522e801b65552c539e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SEq4lZjRInnaOU1WkM+SFF5OH3PD2Wlbd7vapqYzBIirKH4GnYubVTNGoTzE0fwAjKI5MycAVaxTVMvhuIpADw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T13:12:52.284981Z","bundle_sha256":"f1f8026f0f66d3e4fc7236fa83c94dd78cb3fea9310a8b78582d0a251926f48d"}}