{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG","short_pith_number":"pith:H445Y5U3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.4577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-19T19:25:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"708cb5b36c29b994e093775827b3249b3197114c3c16d3603d473e3a70b2c582","abstract_canon_sha256":"db9f6aab17a2edec6bda4843fdc1c16ec1d154438c5a562d57b44fdebed76044"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f39dc769b290afe3f2888fdc2fbc9b1ad000bd1793f811d3394bec3af5bc8df","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1111.4577","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.4577","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.4577v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.4577","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H445Y5U3FEFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H445Y5U3FEFP4PZI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H445Y5U3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.4577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-19T19:25:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"708cb5b36c29b994e093775827b3249b3197114c3c16d3603d473e3a70b2c582","abstract_canon_sha256":"db9f6aab17a2edec6bda4843fdc1c16ec1d154438c5a562d57b44fdebed76044"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f39dc769b290afe3f2888fdc2fbc9b1ad000bd1793f811d3394bec3af5bc8df","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.265621Z","signature_b64":"64GciltAGdf5/6oyaLGqmrOi0MgNjfcbi28Ut4HkBu3Iug4Ke/x7nbSpClTMczNVPuXTMN11cwD0EjIfarw5Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3f39dc769b290afe3f2888fdc2fbc9b1ad000bd1793f811d3394bec3af5bc8df","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.265040Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.265040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1111.4577","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yR21RYWJ9K6j044vMNxgnVHY7ptFvzw15h1XQ+rSBO2piPifie4N4JVTGfLiKAQGOuZ+milvG89y9606wAsDAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T04:36:00.778232Z"},"content_sha256":"720ba8d197bbc6686faf4f565df59d86845adb3ba340649bff12fb893edf3ba7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:720ba8d197bbc6686faf4f565df59d86845adb3ba340649bff12fb893edf3ba7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Voids as Alternatives to Dark Energy and the Propagation of Gamma Rays through the Universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Arnaud de Lavallaz, Malcolm Fairbairn","submitted_at":"2011-11-19T19:25:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"We test the opacity of a void Universe to TeV energy gamma rays having obtained the extra-galactic background light in that Universe using a simple model and the observed constraints on the star formation rate history. We find that the void Universe has significantly more opacity than a Lambda-CDM Universe, putting it at odds with observations of BL-Lac objects. We argue that while this method of distinguishing between the two cosmologies contains uncertainties, it circumvents any debates over fine-tuning."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.4577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yE3peXBGtFy2eSzfXeKYeQ7hsuQE4x2vk9/aE6PWknEdSTVphQraE7JvQTbAwgIv+RfWnk4lA6t2zL6ixFtjCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T04:36:00.778849Z"},"content_sha256":"d76620c7fa42b89d4ea58211c9f458223dc5fb042b59163a49cbb35e6d2cc4a7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d76620c7fa42b89d4ea58211c9f458223dc5fb042b59163a49cbb35e6d2cc4a7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T04:36:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:H445Y5U3FEFP4PZIRD64F66JWG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"db9f6aab17a2edec6bda4843fdc1c16ec1d154438c5a562d57b44fdebed76044","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-19T19:25:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"708cb5b36c29b994e093775827b3249b3197114c3c16d3603d473e3a70b2c582"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.4577","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.4577","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.4577v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.4577","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H445Y5U3FEFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H445Y5U3FEFP4PZI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H445Y5U3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d76620c7fa42b89d4ea58211c9f458223dc5fb042b59163a49cbb35e6d2cc4a7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We test the opacity of a void Universe to TeV energy gamma rays having obtained the extra-galactic background light in that Universe using a simple model and the observed constraints on the star formation rate history. We find that the void Universe has significantly more opacity than a Lambda-CDM Universe, putting it at odds with observations of BL-Lac objects. We argue that while this method of distinguishing between the two cosmologies contains uncertainties, it circumvents any debates over fine-tuning.","authors_text":"Arnaud de Lavallaz, Malcolm Fairbairn","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-19T19:25:44Z","title":"Voids as Alternatives to Dark Energy and the Propagation of Gamma Rays through the Universe"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.4577","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:720ba8d197bbc6686faf4f565df59d86845adb3ba340649bff12fb893edf3ba7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"db9f6aab17a2edec6bda4843fdc1c16ec1d154438c5a562d57b44fdebed76044","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-19T19:25:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"708cb5b36c29b994e093775827b3249b3197114c3c16d3603d473e3a70b2c582"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.4577","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3f39dc769b290afe3f2888fdc2fbc9b1ad000bd1793f811d3394bec3af5bc8df","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3f39dc769b290afe3f2888fdc2fbc9b1ad000bd1793f811d3394bec3af5bc8df","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.265040Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.265040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"64GciltAGdf5/6oyaLGqmrOi0MgNjfcbi28Ut4HkBu3Iug4Ke/x7nbSpClTMczNVPuXTMN11cwD0EjIfarw5Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.265621Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1111.4577","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:720ba8d197bbc6686faf4f565df59d86845adb3ba340649bff12fb893edf3ba7","sha256:d76620c7fa42b89d4ea58211c9f458223dc5fb042b59163a49cbb35e6d2cc4a7"],"state_sha256":"2ab4540f4e9b7400d64aae1716bf8a5050f0be2c24932236f56625c14d320a6a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HKU5N2zYxKG7yLHGhk5rAik6r6kI20H2Kl71lE5NIVT8lmh9RbqpnZtHlC7PBtMR0caa2BFoFpmiUxZXuhZMCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T04:36:00.781650Z","bundle_sha256":"20a00eadf4b89389868b4f86c9e7118828005b99be7075c7c974add57607cff3"}}