{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ","short_pith_number":"pith:H5ULYIVZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.1570","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-04-06T12:38:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"2a48234e0480aef90b9b498c126a54f7a06228dd450b98532398f4a212ef3b10","abstract_canon_sha256":"8397e1764444359cd8f71ce3993bd048d4c39ede683b42b2edbfbd8e981b119a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f68bc22b98fae18b04a8d424efa406a60cd2b67de2dc8567e7705f446cd8af0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.1570","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.1570","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.1570v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.1570","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H5ULYIVZR6XB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H5ULYIVZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.1570","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-04-06T12:38:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"2a48234e0480aef90b9b498c126a54f7a06228dd450b98532398f4a212ef3b10","abstract_canon_sha256":"8397e1764444359cd8f71ce3993bd048d4c39ede683b42b2edbfbd8e981b119a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f68bc22b98fae18b04a8d424efa406a60cd2b67de2dc8567e7705f446cd8af0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22.181022Z","signature_b64":"7/6XGT7FLpr8zashL/o9oFvusJSbDdeUkuxZSy5hl0JP39+2Mut2NAV3ZCse3svcLDz5rBrl65x7i6PAGUrlBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3f68bc22b98fae18b04a8d424efa406a60cd2b67de2dc8567e7705f446cd8af0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22.180596Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22.180596Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.1570","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Evxd6aSJbmamZ8lso51iJMSp8vV1UxqEvxEnuR/xYQC0GoFZm9ClsrC5Ori6YvNcPBYF3NWK0d7QPfMQE9ZWCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:33:42.649095Z"},"content_sha256":"bb807cd8319d1f1028b5452b2f4e42747c5f1470d0d7ea5e88d1c8a90d8d91c2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb807cd8319d1f1028b5452b2f4e42747c5f1470d0d7ea5e88d1c8a90d8d91c2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Viable dark energy models using pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Debabrata Adak, Koushik Dutta","submitted_at":"2014-04-06T12:38:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"A canonical pseudo-Nambu Goldstone Boson (pNGB) can play the role of a dark energy field responsible for present cosmic acceleration. Confronting with the recent cosmological data, we find that the pNGB field requires spontaneous symmetry breaking scale $f$ close to $M_P$ and the initial field value fine-tuned. It is difficult to achieve a large $f$ in a theoretically consistent set-up. A possible resolution can be achieved by increasing the Hubble friction in well motivated particle physics models in the general set-up of modified gravity theories. We show two phenomenological examples of thi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.1570","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SH2psOJwI6UIyhLrFQnFnv1m/ewapQwaNrBvfxemxG2jUGd1QY/43yprE3nRxIibey7hEaxbnXYzmbUa1jHEDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:33:42.649815Z"},"content_sha256":"39a9e337561750d843871916283e62d7e23885e0fac0ed599f0891934aed7138","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39a9e337561750d843871916283e62d7e23885e0fac0ed599f0891934aed7138"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T16:33:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCKRVBE56SANJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8397e1764444359cd8f71ce3993bd048d4c39ede683b42b2edbfbd8e981b119a","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-04-06T12:38:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a48234e0480aef90b9b498c126a54f7a06228dd450b98532398f4a212ef3b10"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.1570","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.1570","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.1570v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.1570","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H5ULYIVZR6XB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H5ULYIVZR6XBRMCK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H5ULYIVZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:39a9e337561750d843871916283e62d7e23885e0fac0ed599f0891934aed7138","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A canonical pseudo-Nambu Goldstone Boson (pNGB) can play the role of a dark energy field responsible for present cosmic acceleration. Confronting with the recent cosmological data, we find that the pNGB field requires spontaneous symmetry breaking scale $f$ close to $M_P$ and the initial field value fine-tuned. It is difficult to achieve a large $f$ in a theoretically consistent set-up. A possible resolution can be achieved by increasing the Hubble friction in well motivated particle physics models in the general set-up of modified gravity theories. We show two phenomenological examples of thi","authors_text":"Debabrata Adak, Koushik Dutta","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-04-06T12:38:32Z","title":"Viable dark energy models using pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.1570","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bb807cd8319d1f1028b5452b2f4e42747c5f1470d0d7ea5e88d1c8a90d8d91c2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8397e1764444359cd8f71ce3993bd048d4c39ede683b42b2edbfbd8e981b119a","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-04-06T12:38:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a48234e0480aef90b9b498c126a54f7a06228dd450b98532398f4a212ef3b10"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.1570","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3f68bc22b98fae18b04a8d424efa406a60cd2b67de2dc8567e7705f446cd8af0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3f68bc22b98fae18b04a8d424efa406a60cd2b67de2dc8567e7705f446cd8af0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22.180596Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22.180596Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7/6XGT7FLpr8zashL/o9oFvusJSbDdeUkuxZSy5hl0JP39+2Mut2NAV3ZCse3svcLDz5rBrl65x7i6PAGUrlBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:22.181022Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.1570","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bb807cd8319d1f1028b5452b2f4e42747c5f1470d0d7ea5e88d1c8a90d8d91c2","sha256:39a9e337561750d843871916283e62d7e23885e0fac0ed599f0891934aed7138"],"state_sha256":"cb6ed5d493fcf3596b53c2e4644d4811370b1824682c4eeeaaa2b12e7dc1a13f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aZ065HhE96IyKv/BCvur509uLwZwjyGGqSmRdCDGd/TOUVbegj2zu2uidE+qCyIfB/O1j0xIrjCv+4yIB8WEAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:33:42.653205Z","bundle_sha256":"85baa59a6bc7c73730f4b37cd32d1ae886796afebaea6f83f30af5bf9011bbe2"}}