{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3","short_pith_number":"pith:H66ARCGJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1707.05192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-07-14T14:44:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"633a3b29be8f48d1f5e1d1e9ec57fdbdbda549b899e3bcca7624ee5789a6bbcf","abstract_canon_sha256":"19abdbeb7c3d232b49242f42cd35ad008a81e89d0fe4eb5a9c7c9ec7b2255056"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3fbc0888c9c291422d1d197e1ad6555ef5ffc1eb7253f8fb758a6621e0d1ccc8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1707.05192","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1707.05192","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1707.05192v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1707.05192","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H66ARCGJYKIU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H66ARCGJYKIUELI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H66ARCGJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1707.05192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-07-14T14:44:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"633a3b29be8f48d1f5e1d1e9ec57fdbdbda549b899e3bcca7624ee5789a6bbcf","abstract_canon_sha256":"19abdbeb7c3d232b49242f42cd35ad008a81e89d0fe4eb5a9c7c9ec7b2255056"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3fbc0888c9c291422d1d197e1ad6555ef5ffc1eb7253f8fb758a6621e0d1ccc8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08.542882Z","signature_b64":"kH3WPKhpKGgLdWSoUobs8EqqYR67D+5vA9LNCA9BfkdbeuhpT2B2pFm5o2Gi0QlFHR61N7nfUy9Zje4zlAB9Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3fbc0888c9c291422d1d197e1ad6555ef5ffc1eb7253f8fb758a6621e0d1ccc8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08.542167Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08.542167Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1707.05192","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EOcZ6mtV4oWVZWu8NBp0E/kKozWQuQH0go/F7xXCJRJwqYlvyZTGaC246Sw6pTAg8f5skswJXlY9PmW9pr2DCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T19:31:02.889986Z"},"content_sha256":"21c1df18de5a12de58d46220e31f78370fa58047e2d87e2a957eb053f0423462","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:21c1df18de5a12de58d46220e31f78370fa58047e2d87e2a957eb053f0423462"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Damping of gravitational waves by matter","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"C. J. Pethick, Gordon Baym, Subodh P. Patil","submitted_at":"2017-07-14T14:44:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We develop a unified description, via the Boltzmann equation, of damping of gravitational waves by matter, incorporating collisions. We identify two physically distinct damping mechanisms -- collisional and Landau damping. We first consider damping in flat spacetime, and then generalize the results to allow for cosmological expansion. In the first regime, maximal collisional damping of a gravitational wave, independent of the details of the collisions in the matter is, as we show, significant only when its wavelength is comparable to the size of the horizon. Thus damping by intergalactic or in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1707.05192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CQL1H+wuIxZaeJ6/mIRvSwnoU13Quu/RdzuF4bYmpf2slV7sv11nV+a6eAcNwI1+ZkdZ/iZuhpJkLQtpaqoPBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T19:31:02.890350Z"},"content_sha256":"821f4f4318612f2a7b88b4aa36055bfb708381c0e5803588192ff3d1b47bd200","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:821f4f4318612f2a7b88b4aa36055bfb708381c0e5803588192ff3d1b47bd200"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T19:31:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:H66ARCGJYKIUELI5DF7BVVSVL3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"19abdbeb7c3d232b49242f42cd35ad008a81e89d0fe4eb5a9c7c9ec7b2255056","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-07-14T14:44:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"633a3b29be8f48d1f5e1d1e9ec57fdbdbda549b899e3bcca7624ee5789a6bbcf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1707.05192","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1707.05192","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1707.05192v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1707.05192","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H66ARCGJYKIU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H66ARCGJYKIUELI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H66ARCGJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:821f4f4318612f2a7b88b4aa36055bfb708381c0e5803588192ff3d1b47bd200","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We develop a unified description, via the Boltzmann equation, of damping of gravitational waves by matter, incorporating collisions. We identify two physically distinct damping mechanisms -- collisional and Landau damping. We first consider damping in flat spacetime, and then generalize the results to allow for cosmological expansion. In the first regime, maximal collisional damping of a gravitational wave, independent of the details of the collisions in the matter is, as we show, significant only when its wavelength is comparable to the size of the horizon. Thus damping by intergalactic or in","authors_text":"C. J. Pethick, Gordon Baym, Subodh P. Patil","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-07-14T14:44:00Z","title":"Damping of gravitational waves by matter"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1707.05192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:21c1df18de5a12de58d46220e31f78370fa58047e2d87e2a957eb053f0423462","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"19abdbeb7c3d232b49242f42cd35ad008a81e89d0fe4eb5a9c7c9ec7b2255056","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-07-14T14:44:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"633a3b29be8f48d1f5e1d1e9ec57fdbdbda549b899e3bcca7624ee5789a6bbcf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1707.05192","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3fbc0888c9c291422d1d197e1ad6555ef5ffc1eb7253f8fb758a6621e0d1ccc8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3fbc0888c9c291422d1d197e1ad6555ef5ffc1eb7253f8fb758a6621e0d1ccc8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08.542167Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08.542167Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kH3WPKhpKGgLdWSoUobs8EqqYR67D+5vA9LNCA9BfkdbeuhpT2B2pFm5o2Gi0QlFHR61N7nfUy9Zje4zlAB9Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:08.542882Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1707.05192","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:21c1df18de5a12de58d46220e31f78370fa58047e2d87e2a957eb053f0423462","sha256:821f4f4318612f2a7b88b4aa36055bfb708381c0e5803588192ff3d1b47bd200"],"state_sha256":"8062fd1399439a6593e1dacf16b733f4bb8c6e12a4a2f4f0d84ffe4c18d3cfe0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a3lAE0g95V23WLdBNEZUWHAeB36O+mfxV7AaodzQjwdaZMsAqmtNjf7gwyVwcCdTKCNOaCTFNsKo6thN51X0CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T19:31:02.892333Z","bundle_sha256":"fd01a70b94b1983597d6b4b1ecc81370af5fb3e446f879c80a12e278c6db34e0"}}