{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW","short_pith_number":"pith:H67TCJDU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.10554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2019-01-11T18:07:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e4b373ae9755833c65f142dbb89c8782b193bbb553ece3233fedfb0834b94129","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f12ebc83234a25d0ed21bf482d4792392a48172de5cdf657bdb03846e113b0a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3fbf3124742e3c384e65abd4a409492dbd1dc7605a9de8be3934780696590789","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.10554","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.10554","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.10554v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.10554","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H67TCJDUFY6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H67TCJDUFY6DQTTF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H67TCJDU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.10554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2019-01-11T18:07:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e4b373ae9755833c65f142dbb89c8782b193bbb553ece3233fedfb0834b94129","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f12ebc83234a25d0ed21bf482d4792392a48172de5cdf657bdb03846e113b0a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3fbf3124742e3c384e65abd4a409492dbd1dc7605a9de8be3934780696590789","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06.653175Z","signature_b64":"Ouw1X/fX1W52vsIA+mbVlUPGB2DGiorX0Np46ZSJa2t8qW/TR92WdoktuWlY4M4qhEikhDVI0C5yO48sW1ZDAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3fbf3124742e3c384e65abd4a409492dbd1dc7605a9de8be3934780696590789","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06.652503Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06.652503Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.10554","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HY309ARAgIedkhwEjiM9WecIwyAQHWb0P0uY5nFXHjXA4FFFjJbw2OLw2sGLQVmHS7QDHoGRdqTomdSZc8koDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T12:54:05.880023Z"},"content_sha256":"d39e64fd03867c95f7da0d79a431676cc1ae365b4d4b0312a84d814b53228dc9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d39e64fd03867c95f7da0d79a431676cc1ae365b4d4b0312a84d814b53228dc9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"High-Resolution Numerical Simulations of a Large-Scale Helium Plume Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Amanda S. Makowiecki, Caelan Lapointe, Gregory B. Rieker, Jeffrey F. Glusman, John W. Daily, Marcus S. Day, Nicholas T. Wimer, Peter E. Hamlington","submitted_at":"2019-01-11T18:07:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"The physical characteristics and evolution of a large-scale helium plume are examined through a series of numerical simulations with increasing physical resolution using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The five simulations each model a 1~m diameter circular helium plume exiting into a (4~m)$^3$ domain, and differ solely with respect to the smallest scales resolved using the AMR, spanning resolutions from 15.6~mm down to 0.976~mm. As the physical resolution becomes finer, the helium-air shear layer and subsequent Kelvin-Helmholtz instability are better resolved, leading to a shift in the observ"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.10554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/3zc4evGJxlJYzwHbNkGaAOmA4enIBo40cl9rX+scbutVu6hJnDeNtw2yFOA/n+QOxy/hDr/gwZy+ltPJcT2AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T12:54:05.880464Z"},"content_sha256":"befddb1250b480b0a5f98bf26c371930152b9fbc6691eb4aa16ecf79368d04bb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:befddb1250b480b0a5f98bf26c371930152b9fbc6691eb4aa16ecf79368d04bb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T12:54:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:H67TCJDUFY6DQTTFVPKKICKJFW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f12ebc83234a25d0ed21bf482d4792392a48172de5cdf657bdb03846e113b0a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2019-01-11T18:07:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"e4b373ae9755833c65f142dbb89c8782b193bbb553ece3233fedfb0834b94129"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.10554","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.10554","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.10554v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.10554","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H67TCJDUFY6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H67TCJDUFY6DQTTF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H67TCJDU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:befddb1250b480b0a5f98bf26c371930152b9fbc6691eb4aa16ecf79368d04bb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The physical characteristics and evolution of a large-scale helium plume are examined through a series of numerical simulations with increasing physical resolution using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The five simulations each model a 1~m diameter circular helium plume exiting into a (4~m)$^3$ domain, and differ solely with respect to the smallest scales resolved using the AMR, spanning resolutions from 15.6~mm down to 0.976~mm. As the physical resolution becomes finer, the helium-air shear layer and subsequent Kelvin-Helmholtz instability are better resolved, leading to a shift in the observ","authors_text":"Amanda S. Makowiecki, Caelan Lapointe, Gregory B. Rieker, Jeffrey F. Glusman, John W. Daily, Marcus S. Day, Nicholas T. Wimer, Peter E. Hamlington","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2019-01-11T18:07:20Z","title":"High-Resolution Numerical Simulations of a Large-Scale Helium Plume Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.10554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d39e64fd03867c95f7da0d79a431676cc1ae365b4d4b0312a84d814b53228dc9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f12ebc83234a25d0ed21bf482d4792392a48172de5cdf657bdb03846e113b0a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2019-01-11T18:07:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"e4b373ae9755833c65f142dbb89c8782b193bbb553ece3233fedfb0834b94129"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.10554","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3fbf3124742e3c384e65abd4a409492dbd1dc7605a9de8be3934780696590789","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3fbf3124742e3c384e65abd4a409492dbd1dc7605a9de8be3934780696590789","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06.652503Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06.652503Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ouw1X/fX1W52vsIA+mbVlUPGB2DGiorX0Np46ZSJa2t8qW/TR92WdoktuWlY4M4qhEikhDVI0C5yO48sW1ZDAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:06.653175Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.10554","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d39e64fd03867c95f7da0d79a431676cc1ae365b4d4b0312a84d814b53228dc9","sha256:befddb1250b480b0a5f98bf26c371930152b9fbc6691eb4aa16ecf79368d04bb"],"state_sha256":"254c800b2ece9bb5f823a13aad9bb91244338f4ee32a95f3e082581ac88c447d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vmDWapMpsxKHK9k4SPzcBE9YS8WI+Sljzhi9Ju2cJcneLXJStdZtB1pEpMS86JawfHM2dSZRxDuKQiyfDDfgDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T12:54:05.882463Z","bundle_sha256":"7b411509ae3b6abb186092b7a98c3a911765244e6f69481756a660d0f1ad8e2c"}}