{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW","short_pith_number":"pith:H6D6OYOA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T14:08:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c154e38afbd6dd1fcf1f4e2477645cf4b9940bab8a77de56691375803cff5d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"a2f738d056a28dcfad3867691c34c593a7bccccccb5041530dabaef015580649"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f87e761c0280cfbb43cf1c6a6812a55a909c7bdf9f78d10f86a23e64c4b3f6c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.08406","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.08406v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H6D6OYOAFAGP","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB4","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H6D6OYOA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T14:08:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c154e38afbd6dd1fcf1f4e2477645cf4b9940bab8a77de56691375803cff5d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"a2f738d056a28dcfad3867691c34c593a7bccccccb5041530dabaef015580649"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3f87e761c0280cfbb43cf1c6a6812a55a909c7bdf9f78d10f86a23e64c4b3f6c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06.282077Z","signature_b64":"5qj9hegKlxAqNp0njF+0SYrLZBn518TbE9TIvShUdBA19EZglulhIHf1pZVTKSfA2jwbDzuTkJawAEj7YlqnAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3f87e761c0280cfbb43cf1c6a6812a55a909c7bdf9f78d10f86a23e64c4b3f6c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06.281739Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06.281739Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.08406","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AQj5DdydX9o0O+qrAPMdx9qEHZ76fEgmXcvQe62SjXULlYDGIz7HHtFUVWJEtZJkDaRknMHtr7TFudroYUYiCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T05:54:31.368367Z"},"content_sha256":"1e5c291f16d22da5dc1b82fc5e0773a12399ebc2d9deaa372e192431e15567b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e5c291f16d22da5dc1b82fc5e0773a12399ebc2d9deaa372e192431e15567b2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constraint-Free Structure Learning with Smooth Acyclic Orientations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Davide Bacciu, Francesco Landolfi, Martina Cinquini, Riccardo Massidda","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T14:08:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"The structure learning problem consists of fitting data generated by a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to correctly reconstruct its arcs. In this context, differentiable approaches constrain or regularize the optimization problem using a continuous relaxation of the acyclicity property. The computational cost of evaluating graph acyclicity is cubic on the number of nodes and significantly affects scalability. In this paper we introduce COSMO, a constraint-free continuous optimization scheme for acyclic structure learning. At the core of our method, we define a differentiable approximation of an o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.08406/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Bw3lql2l6muCgw9ENHSCjI7T4BvoQn7ML3/BYQfSjri9UgSqIca2lqC6ScfZ7uDykYTMGCjFsDvhK5ZEDjvzBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T05:54:31.369356Z"},"content_sha256":"146f0f063ca363f419f40e656c7e1cb2a056bc7252060dcbbc8a6052041aa8bd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:146f0f063ca363f419f40e656c7e1cb2a056bc7252060dcbbc8a6052041aa8bd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T05:54:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB46HDKNAJKKW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a2f738d056a28dcfad3867691c34c593a7bccccccb5041530dabaef015580649","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T14:08:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c154e38afbd6dd1fcf1f4e2477645cf4b9940bab8a77de56691375803cff5d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.08406v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H6D6OYOAFAGP","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H6D6OYOAFAGPXNB4","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H6D6OYOA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:146f0f063ca363f419f40e656c7e1cb2a056bc7252060dcbbc8a6052041aa8bd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.08406/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The structure learning problem consists of fitting data generated by a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to correctly reconstruct its arcs. In this context, differentiable approaches constrain or regularize the optimization problem using a continuous relaxation of the acyclicity property. The computational cost of evaluating graph acyclicity is cubic on the number of nodes and significantly affects scalability. In this paper we introduce COSMO, a constraint-free continuous optimization scheme for acyclic structure learning. At the core of our method, we define a differentiable approximation of an o","authors_text":"Davide Bacciu, Francesco Landolfi, Martina Cinquini, Riccardo Massidda","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T14:08:09Z","title":"Constraint-Free Structure Learning with Smooth Acyclic Orientations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1e5c291f16d22da5dc1b82fc5e0773a12399ebc2d9deaa372e192431e15567b2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a2f738d056a28dcfad3867691c34c593a7bccccccb5041530dabaef015580649","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T14:08:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c154e38afbd6dd1fcf1f4e2477645cf4b9940bab8a77de56691375803cff5d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3f87e761c0280cfbb43cf1c6a6812a55a909c7bdf9f78d10f86a23e64c4b3f6c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3f87e761c0280cfbb43cf1c6a6812a55a909c7bdf9f78d10f86a23e64c4b3f6c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06.281739Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06.281739Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5qj9hegKlxAqNp0njF+0SYrLZBn518TbE9TIvShUdBA19EZglulhIHf1pZVTKSfA2jwbDzuTkJawAEj7YlqnAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:06.282077Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.08406","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1e5c291f16d22da5dc1b82fc5e0773a12399ebc2d9deaa372e192431e15567b2","sha256:146f0f063ca363f419f40e656c7e1cb2a056bc7252060dcbbc8a6052041aa8bd"],"state_sha256":"6a2752faf8dfadbc200fa9fe44b234bc784662f9cc46e11a9392b8c584dd37d0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4wJPI7kw3UkY9g9u2JBAwDFA5pHMm2CqxVEIiRPMyIG7FKJb+68sdCB7/npCHSsNAE+QHqFUgz/Mr3DQQAmABA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T05:54:31.375784Z","bundle_sha256":"92d6635003ff8ce88763859a5a1dea4e18fd403137de67d76ae874e124135469"}}