{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK","short_pith_number":"pith:H6G2KIXN","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"3f8da522ed934ac945c955f6bd9d51b281a7f99f1180ea5c7616a1f05698835e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.07848","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Action Principle and Dynamic Ensemble Theory for Non-equilibrium Markov Chains","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Mingnan Ding, Xiangjun Xing","submitted_at":"2019-03-19T05:51:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"An overarching action principle, the principle of minimal free action, exists for ergodic Markov chain dynamics. Using this principle and the Detailed Fluctuation Theorem, we construct a dynamic ensemble theory for non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of Markov chains, which is in full analogy with equilibrium canonical ensemble theory. Concepts such as energy, free energy, Boltzmann macro-sates, entropy, and thermodynamic limit all have their dynamic counterparts. For reversible Markov chains, minimization of Boltzmann free action yields thermal equilibrium states, and hence provide a dynamic"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.07848","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2019-03-19T05:51:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"96ffa1df92977d490fb6e809af7a117866f1f17e8a3a31eba7a82fe13e77753c","abstract_canon_sha256":"b43040e90929ec4bfe6ef1afba6f1a671d6e345397661129aa1e129d05cbb32c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.710480Z","signature_b64":"ejkGJdbYwBfC7WXCrNrhCKEGCFiE6EkrDtgkK6LGhTDZeOWkXqFvR4qnHhq1+JG7gkPOTZbHpWE3nWOI4gikDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3f8da522ed934ac945c955f6bd9d51b281a7f99f1180ea5c7616a1f05698835e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709741Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709741Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Action Principle and Dynamic Ensemble Theory for Non-equilibrium Markov Chains","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Mingnan Ding, Xiangjun Xing","submitted_at":"2019-03-19T05:51:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"An overarching action principle, the principle of minimal free action, exists for ergodic Markov chain dynamics. Using this principle and the Detailed Fluctuation Theorem, we construct a dynamic ensemble theory for non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of Markov chains, which is in full analogy with equilibrium canonical ensemble theory. Concepts such as energy, free energy, Boltzmann macro-sates, entropy, and thermodynamic limit all have their dynamic counterparts. For reversible Markov chains, minimization of Boltzmann free action yields thermal equilibrium states, and hence provide a dynamic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.07848","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.07848","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709848+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.07848v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709848+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.07848","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709848+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H6G2KIXNSNFM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18.533446+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18.533446+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H6G2KIXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18.533446+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/H6G2KIXN"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/H6G2KIXN","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1903.07848&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/H6G2KIXNSNFMSROJKX3L3HKRWK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709848+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:53.709848+00:00"}