{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE","short_pith_number":"pith:H6SIEHVI","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"3fa4821ea87b1e4e5d5c615e8a84ae21288bcf0ed6c2d9cfe4b48ec25f546652","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1405.7530","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Black holes and gravitational waves in three-dimensional f(R) gravity","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Dao-jun Liu, Hongsheng Zhang, Xin-zhou Li","submitted_at":"2014-05-29T11:46:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the three-dimensional pure Einstein gravity, the geometries of the vacuum space-times are always trivial, and gravitational waves (gravitons) are strictly forbidden. For the first time, we find a vacuum circularly symmetric black hole with nontrivial geometries in $f(R)$ gravity theory, in which a true singularity appears. In this frame with nontrivial geometry, a perturbative gravitational wave does exist. Beyond the perturbative level, we make a constructive proof of the existence of a gravitational wave in $f(R)$ gravity, where the Birkhoff-like theorem becomes invalid. We find two class"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.7530","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2014-05-29T11:46:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fbf793ecd48de7d9b75d0690e666023cc83af054ab8918eff8d5572059f840d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4530fec14d9fdf0113250bb03023827e8be99877917e6b1a51685d3ceae1dc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.952026Z","signature_b64":"yeGOjke1TDiT9e/leC1Ec2uIPbJ2GlII9n2vIsL5Xb+uWwSl+2YnOaPQdSGX989T2EhiKcboOj0fwAeaxcerAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3fa4821ea87b1e4e5d5c615e8a84ae21288bcf0ed6c2d9cfe4b48ec25f546652","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951384Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951384Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Black holes and gravitational waves in three-dimensional f(R) gravity","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Dao-jun Liu, Hongsheng Zhang, Xin-zhou Li","submitted_at":"2014-05-29T11:46:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the three-dimensional pure Einstein gravity, the geometries of the vacuum space-times are always trivial, and gravitational waves (gravitons) are strictly forbidden. For the first time, we find a vacuum circularly symmetric black hole with nontrivial geometries in $f(R)$ gravity theory, in which a true singularity appears. In this frame with nontrivial geometry, a perturbative gravitational wave does exist. Beyond the perturbative level, we make a constructive proof of the existence of a gravitational wave in $f(R)$ gravity, where the Birkhoff-like theorem becomes invalid. We find two class"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.7530","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.7530","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951489+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.7530v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951489+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.7530","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951489+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H6SIEHVIPMPE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30.664211+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30.664211+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H6SIEHVI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30.664211+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE","json":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/H6SIEHVI"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/H6SIEHVI","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1405.7530&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/H6SIEHVIPMPE4XK4MFPIVBFOEE/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951489+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:54.951489+00:00"}