{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3","short_pith_number":"pith:H7OYAH2Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.07597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-18T15:23:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"255a2d89d2a52d126bf7032470b221d22d41717a3341b98231cdcf1b1c477fde","abstract_canon_sha256":"4eda4015915af2209247852736e4bbbd352370250c4151e8ca3493b982c35bb0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3fdd801f501f9246f08604f2ccf7ad06e0e879bf568d06b2ddfe913cdd1b51b3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2301.07597","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.07597","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.07597v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.07597","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H7OYAH2QD6JE","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H7OYAH2Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.07597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-18T15:23:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"255a2d89d2a52d126bf7032470b221d22d41717a3341b98231cdcf1b1c477fde","abstract_canon_sha256":"4eda4015915af2209247852736e4bbbd352370250c4151e8ca3493b982c35bb0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3fdd801f501f9246f08604f2ccf7ad06e0e879bf568d06b2ddfe913cdd1b51b3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10.943808Z","signature_b64":"juNzWp/eXyrxxUdKDj8MztfHLBi13HeGI+ODMhu72ZS1zrmsq0TPO9ekGX1Uq5fLGTTcMWc1/gXM+noaaygoCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3fdd801f501f9246f08604f2ccf7ad06e0e879bf568d06b2ddfe913cdd1b51b3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10.943306Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10.943306Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2301.07597","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"otXIwTeJAnuTGEDo8dzN9WRIKcRM2Smp7bV8qz8QG5Prh/0Pn97oL2/EROhG3bFllCPTPy18r9AbEEXi1PbNAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T10:02:48.675854Z"},"content_sha256":"5a73e8aacd1b461b0a701eb67d68a227d6313f6b85b7e80851047131b9576d2a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a73e8aacd1b461b0a701eb67d68a227d6313f6b85b7e80851047131b9576d2a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Biyang Guo, Jianwei Yue, Jinran Nie, Minqi Jiang, Xin Zhang, Yupeng Wu, Yuxuan Ding, Ziyuan Wang","submitted_at":"2023-01-18T15:23:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"The introduction of ChatGPT has garnered widespread attention in both academic and industrial communities. ChatGPT is able to respond effectively to a wide range of human questions, providing fluent and comprehensive answers that significantly surpass previous public chatbots in terms of security and usefulness. On one hand, people are curious about how ChatGPT is able to achieve such strength and how far it is from human experts. On the other hand, people are starting to worry about the potential negative impacts that large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT could have on society, such as fa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.07597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2301.07597/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4jUKdTCF7M3g52C3InVak4Ti5H7KpkJR72JnYbUhrW5F9u3mWLtFyQiP/PbNnzzVvNqzoBmUt52VmbpdJtBaCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T10:02:48.676241Z"},"content_sha256":"5fd34193710417fd4d58fffd81134b8f30f6ae0f1a6c71b4d73e6f34d5ff8726","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5fd34193710417fd4d58fffd81134b8f30f6ae0f1a6c71b4d73e6f34d5ff8726"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-01T10:02:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EGATZMZ55NA3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4eda4015915af2209247852736e4bbbd352370250c4151e8ca3493b982c35bb0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-18T15:23:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"255a2d89d2a52d126bf7032470b221d22d41717a3341b98231cdcf1b1c477fde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.07597","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.07597","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.07597v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.07597","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H7OYAH2QD6JE","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H7OYAH2QD6JEN4EG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H7OYAH2Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5fd34193710417fd4d58fffd81134b8f30f6ae0f1a6c71b4d73e6f34d5ff8726","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.07597/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The introduction of ChatGPT has garnered widespread attention in both academic and industrial communities. ChatGPT is able to respond effectively to a wide range of human questions, providing fluent and comprehensive answers that significantly surpass previous public chatbots in terms of security and usefulness. On one hand, people are curious about how ChatGPT is able to achieve such strength and how far it is from human experts. On the other hand, people are starting to worry about the potential negative impacts that large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT could have on society, such as fa","authors_text":"Biyang Guo, Jianwei Yue, Jinran Nie, Minqi Jiang, Xin Zhang, Yupeng Wu, Yuxuan Ding, Ziyuan Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-18T15:23:25Z","title":"How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.07597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a73e8aacd1b461b0a701eb67d68a227d6313f6b85b7e80851047131b9576d2a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4eda4015915af2209247852736e4bbbd352370250c4151e8ca3493b982c35bb0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-18T15:23:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"255a2d89d2a52d126bf7032470b221d22d41717a3341b98231cdcf1b1c477fde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.07597","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3fdd801f501f9246f08604f2ccf7ad06e0e879bf568d06b2ddfe913cdd1b51b3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3fdd801f501f9246f08604f2ccf7ad06e0e879bf568d06b2ddfe913cdd1b51b3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10.943306Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10.943306Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"juNzWp/eXyrxxUdKDj8MztfHLBi13HeGI+ODMhu72ZS1zrmsq0TPO9ekGX1Uq5fLGTTcMWc1/gXM+noaaygoCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:34:10.943808Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.07597","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a73e8aacd1b461b0a701eb67d68a227d6313f6b85b7e80851047131b9576d2a","sha256:5fd34193710417fd4d58fffd81134b8f30f6ae0f1a6c71b4d73e6f34d5ff8726"],"state_sha256":"b9ae465f0e00a124fd48f062753c31cef932d1cd7e2d93ae0f32c7bc1e7f9094"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zoLkAAmf3KRMVdakxNk49dp1VmirE9DMi/+UqdYnZJ2Nd04SAzqFOuo0kbXLmWioa9a9VP6Wy31zOtGHwvT5Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T10:02:48.679099Z","bundle_sha256":"785ad91a3ff88a6bbbadd7b39068f66de5a822346e2bf4e4244e498bcf923412"}}