{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A","short_pith_number":"pith:HCZITNQ2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.17942","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-03-31T10:13:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"6be0f2bb84c3db9ec5dae960a7539672639854f61a8bcb84bc966d4343113e74","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bc12bdff651708822095cc5344a9ac33394e8eeef928b70d880d9fc0118b915"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"38b289b61a728aa2b8b3b912aebae8f82f39862b16abd35ec962fc4608105515","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.17942","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.17942","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.17942v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17942","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HCZITNQ2OKFK","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HCZITNQ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.17942","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-03-31T10:13:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"6be0f2bb84c3db9ec5dae960a7539672639854f61a8bcb84bc966d4343113e74","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bc12bdff651708822095cc5344a9ac33394e8eeef928b70d880d9fc0118b915"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"38b289b61a728aa2b8b3b912aebae8f82f39862b16abd35ec962fc4608105515","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48.059364Z","signature_b64":"h7S3xOcEiVFrXW204MmHf0eLQWiIkxuLltBR8E5FX6oy/Ii1mA/pZ+t1nud/w17aCoTwEvC3VyjYqwzGBnVqBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"38b289b61a728aa2b8b3b912aebae8f82f39862b16abd35ec962fc4608105515","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48.058883Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48.058883Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2303.17942","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z6pyfMS69eM1GvCpSI8Z8EduVqg346bInQKNf2yXCNmxw0kKdsgK4GAbdifrFVi4wisIN08yRocP4nU2UbulBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:43:26.980548Z"},"content_sha256":"3d8ee18b3632156be6dde5b4491a8f5c08799f8bcdd4d5dd3d95440e974390e2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3d8ee18b3632156be6dde5b4491a8f5c08799f8bcdd4d5dd3d95440e974390e2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Benchmarking FedAvg and FedCurv for Image Classification Tasks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Bruno Casella, Carlo Cavazzoni, Marco Aldinucci, Roberto Esposito","submitted_at":"2023-03-31T10:13:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Classic Machine Learning techniques require training on data available in a single data lake. However, aggregating data from different owners is not always convenient for different reasons, including security, privacy and secrecy. Data carry a value that might vanish when shared with others; the ability to avoid sharing the data enables industrial applications where security and privacy are of paramount importance, making it possible to train global models by implementing only local policies which can be run independently and even on air-gapped data centres. Federated Learning (FL) is a distri"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.17942","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.17942/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"63QshO1Drs06g9cRWR/p/P5kGUCn8qQAcxbdaPR880h/1BWnCwK8SqfEV2QMkdL6OrfchhvJUncVkvU65k7PDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:43:26.981823Z"},"content_sha256":"641fd30f2c591a9fc3c3032e5f2a25f78696d90c6fd06686773928fbfd6737ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:641fd30f2c591a9fc3c3032e5f2a25f78696d90c6fd06686773928fbfd6737ff"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T18:43:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFTXEJK5OXI7A","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bc12bdff651708822095cc5344a9ac33394e8eeef928b70d880d9fc0118b915","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-03-31T10:13:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6be0f2bb84c3db9ec5dae960a7539672639854f61a8bcb84bc966d4343113e74"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.17942","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.17942","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.17942v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17942","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HCZITNQ2OKFK","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HCZITNQ2OKFKFOFT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HCZITNQ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:641fd30f2c591a9fc3c3032e5f2a25f78696d90c6fd06686773928fbfd6737ff","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2303.17942/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Classic Machine Learning techniques require training on data available in a single data lake. However, aggregating data from different owners is not always convenient for different reasons, including security, privacy and secrecy. Data carry a value that might vanish when shared with others; the ability to avoid sharing the data enables industrial applications where security and privacy are of paramount importance, making it possible to train global models by implementing only local policies which can be run independently and even on air-gapped data centres. Federated Learning (FL) is a distri","authors_text":"Bruno Casella, Carlo Cavazzoni, Marco Aldinucci, Roberto Esposito","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-03-31T10:13:01Z","title":"Benchmarking FedAvg and FedCurv for Image Classification Tasks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.17942","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3d8ee18b3632156be6dde5b4491a8f5c08799f8bcdd4d5dd3d95440e974390e2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bc12bdff651708822095cc5344a9ac33394e8eeef928b70d880d9fc0118b915","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-03-31T10:13:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6be0f2bb84c3db9ec5dae960a7539672639854f61a8bcb84bc966d4343113e74"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.17942","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"38b289b61a728aa2b8b3b912aebae8f82f39862b16abd35ec962fc4608105515","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"38b289b61a728aa2b8b3b912aebae8f82f39862b16abd35ec962fc4608105515","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48.058883Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48.058883Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h7S3xOcEiVFrXW204MmHf0eLQWiIkxuLltBR8E5FX6oy/Ii1mA/pZ+t1nud/w17aCoTwEvC3VyjYqwzGBnVqBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:56:48.059364Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2303.17942","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3d8ee18b3632156be6dde5b4491a8f5c08799f8bcdd4d5dd3d95440e974390e2","sha256:641fd30f2c591a9fc3c3032e5f2a25f78696d90c6fd06686773928fbfd6737ff"],"state_sha256":"d9063760c9c85ad007e703041d73bc5a5736dc094963139b5b06b452a80b0bd6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rcKNV+YqPwOQOLTjQARpeqKqblT991+uUmGdqoZwFrdZRP3jBGktLhY7iyvBXwCmmMYKU3LfKboK1fr5hPdlBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:43:26.987517Z","bundle_sha256":"c88cab1dd8eea178b1c801add73fcd785f4c18dfaf1b2c79817de57ca135bfc4"}}