{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35","short_pith_number":"pith:HDGOHXGZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.2920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2010-12-14T02:39:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5c510323155b534328ff17c15073f756b75d74886718d8be7701a54d133d1933","abstract_canon_sha256":"715e5dbd5294ec49c7248826c39d81b259361bc64231d6f8955f7feceb17160c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"38cce3dcd9496838055c7dce9bec95df5408ba7c602330c47894ac0ea35ca4a0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1012.2920","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.2920","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.2920v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.2920","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HDGOHXGZJFUD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HDGOHXGZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.2920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2010-12-14T02:39:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5c510323155b534328ff17c15073f756b75d74886718d8be7701a54d133d1933","abstract_canon_sha256":"715e5dbd5294ec49c7248826c39d81b259361bc64231d6f8955f7feceb17160c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"38cce3dcd9496838055c7dce9bec95df5408ba7c602330c47894ac0ea35ca4a0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25.342467Z","signature_b64":"JeD5NnPibCvof7O3BvEBPUTiTi5YOOLdH0bJY4gsZS75kPqeeRrvgic3uNqr23F8T3dbwgtkTi71ahIyTXQWCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"38cce3dcd9496838055c7dce9bec95df5408ba7c602330c47894ac0ea35ca4a0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25.341825Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25.341825Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1012.2920","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XMXo14MfIDCG7DeOpeLwCUhCdmvhCKrFd/rV4m39dEf8xsOFsOTlauYU/PzImYT4zH5Hp6v/LbDOiXSzz6T1AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T02:11:32.620562Z"},"content_sha256":"b755deffb9cdcb10c5db2b8bfbab493f406f1c24e49992a37558596b0a95616c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b755deffb9cdcb10c5db2b8bfbab493f406f1c24e49992a37558596b0a95616c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Phase shift induces currents in a periodic tube","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Bao-Quan Ai, Liang-gang Liu","submitted_at":"2010-12-14T02:39:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"The average current of an overdamped Brownian particle moving along the axis of a three-dimensional periodic tube is investigated in the presence of a symmetric potential and a temporally symmetric unbiased external force. Reduction of the spatial dimensionality from two or three physical dimensions to an effective one dimensional system entails the appearance of not only an entropic barrier but also an effective diffusion coefficient. We find that the phase shift between the tube shape and the potential can break the symmetry of the effective potential and can induce net currents. Under optim"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.2920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0YvKy+OyFqYXulRGWYE+ZM5zEm9us91tBm8X/o43269W+eY4x7c4ftK+JY8o84zLdIGUzaURfyfC3UKYwyi9DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T02:11:32.620919Z"},"content_sha256":"269c39c4095624e7cb3d5847c47e5708ab41237ddadaa09e59a82b796a290ef0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:269c39c4095624e7cb3d5847c47e5708ab41237ddadaa09e59a82b796a290ef0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T02:11:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4PXHJX3EV35","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"715e5dbd5294ec49c7248826c39d81b259361bc64231d6f8955f7feceb17160c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2010-12-14T02:39:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c510323155b534328ff17c15073f756b75d74886718d8be7701a54d133d1933"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.2920","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.2920","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.2920v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.2920","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HDGOHXGZJFUD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HDGOHXGZJFUDQBK4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HDGOHXGZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:269c39c4095624e7cb3d5847c47e5708ab41237ddadaa09e59a82b796a290ef0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The average current of an overdamped Brownian particle moving along the axis of a three-dimensional periodic tube is investigated in the presence of a symmetric potential and a temporally symmetric unbiased external force. Reduction of the spatial dimensionality from two or three physical dimensions to an effective one dimensional system entails the appearance of not only an entropic barrier but also an effective diffusion coefficient. We find that the phase shift between the tube shape and the potential can break the symmetry of the effective potential and can induce net currents. Under optim","authors_text":"Bao-Quan Ai, Liang-gang Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2010-12-14T02:39:27Z","title":"Phase shift induces currents in a periodic tube"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.2920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b755deffb9cdcb10c5db2b8bfbab493f406f1c24e49992a37558596b0a95616c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"715e5dbd5294ec49c7248826c39d81b259361bc64231d6f8955f7feceb17160c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2010-12-14T02:39:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c510323155b534328ff17c15073f756b75d74886718d8be7701a54d133d1933"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.2920","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"38cce3dcd9496838055c7dce9bec95df5408ba7c602330c47894ac0ea35ca4a0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"38cce3dcd9496838055c7dce9bec95df5408ba7c602330c47894ac0ea35ca4a0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25.341825Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25.341825Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JeD5NnPibCvof7O3BvEBPUTiTi5YOOLdH0bJY4gsZS75kPqeeRrvgic3uNqr23F8T3dbwgtkTi71ahIyTXQWCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:25.342467Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1012.2920","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b755deffb9cdcb10c5db2b8bfbab493f406f1c24e49992a37558596b0a95616c","sha256:269c39c4095624e7cb3d5847c47e5708ab41237ddadaa09e59a82b796a290ef0"],"state_sha256":"fd401061a3a3b6fcabc3bb6a035a04b374c8f412e5cf8bcce68432a87c55b19f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P9IqLw74xLLRb2wcv39phqhxmxS7CvyCouVv33U9VUnQhz1ItGqHOJ2/sHfXHYq6cRet07RD2CpisZscl4kFAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T02:11:32.623067Z","bundle_sha256":"187ae54af116fccd472298f2bf0f32af8635220a5e5b03649150f815e3b91561"}}