{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2","short_pith_number":"pith:HE4UMTQJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.5801","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-01-22T21:00:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"574a520b1345e8c7148b046d9ea52a524804d3c44f803aa8eca468735f37253b","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d0174224d7141682ab04284d45269875ca32431ca5af83d10bc3261bcfe026e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3939464e09b3c266961a6cc06a018016a49c63080fbecd1cd21ee06a78beb346","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.5801","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.5801","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.5801v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.5801","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HE4UMTQJWPBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HE4UMTQJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.5801","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-01-22T21:00:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"574a520b1345e8c7148b046d9ea52a524804d3c44f803aa8eca468735f37253b","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d0174224d7141682ab04284d45269875ca32431ca5af83d10bc3261bcfe026e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3939464e09b3c266961a6cc06a018016a49c63080fbecd1cd21ee06a78beb346","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17.773644Z","signature_b64":"0xqL4/uNTBfTXLemh2LyiNLcrpAhu5X/lqesgqScv0cPkpJzKLSNoV6fzBO+WyrOtRafLK9l4TkxdOF4jt7VAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3939464e09b3c266961a6cc06a018016a49c63080fbecd1cd21ee06a78beb346","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17.773181Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17.773181Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1401.5801","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jfJrkFCRcAPQt6D1MqiZNw34jD4D7svq6jbJdM7Q07NVILtritvqz6M/v3XsANiOa9MCmChlnQkY9FGhyCgYCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:09:58.480723Z"},"content_sha256":"4faf2be01d485569ef11be5bd50565d009b01492db3dd8bf51401182632995f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4faf2be01d485569ef11be5bd50565d009b01492db3dd8bf51401182632995f9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Signature of Chromospheric Activity in Brown Dwarfs Revealed by 2.5-5.0 Micron AKARI Spectra","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Issei Yamamura, Satoko Sorahana, Takeru K. Suzuki","submitted_at":"2014-01-22T21:00:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose that the 2.7 micron H_2O, 3.3 micron CH_4 and 4.6 micron CO absorption bands can be good tracers of chromospheric activity in brown dwarfs. In our previous study, we found that there are difficulties in explaining entire spectra between 1.0 and 5.0 microns with the Unified Cloudy Model (UCM), a brown dwarf atmosphere model. Based on simple radiative equilibrium, temperature in a model atmosphere usually decreases monotonically with height. However, if a brown dwarf has a chromosphere, as inferred by some observations, the temperature in the upper atmosphere is higher. We construct a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.5801","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jmv325rQOLe2QVknTr2n7kT6eBFpXy/56HJYsm29wryrFBdW10g4uzRNXCrjsSxU9s1T2p+rpv4YgW19G9HnBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:09:58.481171Z"},"content_sha256":"474032ca314184a33ec6573118aa5402b4d4cfc92c776fe99d7e89db55e74b05","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:474032ca314184a33ec6573118aa5402b4d4cfc92c776fe99d7e89db55e74b05"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T15:09:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2NTAGUAMAC2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d0174224d7141682ab04284d45269875ca32431ca5af83d10bc3261bcfe026e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-01-22T21:00:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"574a520b1345e8c7148b046d9ea52a524804d3c44f803aa8eca468735f37253b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.5801","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.5801","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.5801v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.5801","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HE4UMTQJWPBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HE4UMTQJWPBGNFQ2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HE4UMTQJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:474032ca314184a33ec6573118aa5402b4d4cfc92c776fe99d7e89db55e74b05","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose that the 2.7 micron H_2O, 3.3 micron CH_4 and 4.6 micron CO absorption bands can be good tracers of chromospheric activity in brown dwarfs. In our previous study, we found that there are difficulties in explaining entire spectra between 1.0 and 5.0 microns with the Unified Cloudy Model (UCM), a brown dwarf atmosphere model. Based on simple radiative equilibrium, temperature in a model atmosphere usually decreases monotonically with height. However, if a brown dwarf has a chromosphere, as inferred by some observations, the temperature in the upper atmosphere is higher. We construct a","authors_text":"Issei Yamamura, Satoko Sorahana, Takeru K. Suzuki","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-01-22T21:00:25Z","title":"A Signature of Chromospheric Activity in Brown Dwarfs Revealed by 2.5-5.0 Micron AKARI Spectra"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.5801","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4faf2be01d485569ef11be5bd50565d009b01492db3dd8bf51401182632995f9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d0174224d7141682ab04284d45269875ca32431ca5af83d10bc3261bcfe026e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2014-01-22T21:00:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"574a520b1345e8c7148b046d9ea52a524804d3c44f803aa8eca468735f37253b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.5801","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3939464e09b3c266961a6cc06a018016a49c63080fbecd1cd21ee06a78beb346","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3939464e09b3c266961a6cc06a018016a49c63080fbecd1cd21ee06a78beb346","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17.773181Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17.773181Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0xqL4/uNTBfTXLemh2LyiNLcrpAhu5X/lqesgqScv0cPkpJzKLSNoV6fzBO+WyrOtRafLK9l4TkxdOF4jt7VAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:17.773644Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1401.5801","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4faf2be01d485569ef11be5bd50565d009b01492db3dd8bf51401182632995f9","sha256:474032ca314184a33ec6573118aa5402b4d4cfc92c776fe99d7e89db55e74b05"],"state_sha256":"31510c1532ad05fad0b10c2d2f8332022a50ff4783a61448cf5755a4d58a4ad8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xtXL+T8LKWYrO/V2Fa7kQm/O9d8rMuhEOUmIWbWUL7LeIdDsaA8sy3hR5RsD+aH26+wp6/NsxtQhSE+hBqWxDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:09:58.484018Z","bundle_sha256":"51786dfd375d73d7d4001839b854430888fcc9d07d56dec21a4cd70064ea7899"}}