{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT","short_pith_number":"pith:HEYTQG7K","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.09576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T19:04:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"663d201bc8c10bb35b33360b8040f6ff949ac5a7559c88c872a79bfbce7b7f34","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d5dedda1364933f35ddce84284ec6d31ba7633d7010b4123150b7b16d5b1d99"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3931381beaeb97659bdb1656727862c4fdc148c692a6df088faab89e2f9c3436","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.09576","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.09576","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.09576v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.09576","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HEYTQG7K5OLW","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HEYTQG7K","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.09576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T19:04:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"663d201bc8c10bb35b33360b8040f6ff949ac5a7559c88c872a79bfbce7b7f34","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d5dedda1364933f35ddce84284ec6d31ba7633d7010b4123150b7b16d5b1d99"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3931381beaeb97659bdb1656727862c4fdc148c692a6df088faab89e2f9c3436","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51.608723Z","signature_b64":"CVeHYLI27OBrAWPngLivCkmAwigJatwrCwRo1QXVDrTPKSzIM2UDAUf/nSYm5ukcQHApDILabY5wCj41/51dDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3931381beaeb97659bdb1656727862c4fdc148c692a6df088faab89e2f9c3436","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51.608360Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51.608360Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.09576","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1ntt12spOPD8SM3suRLDP9VJmush7skHZcSLq6V7HFqaKhWuqPb0+zVrc6wGEtjvid3wXoPWcVdgnhxP4pJkCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T18:10:02.731642Z"},"content_sha256":"a19679c68d2aaa9d2cb370732ce437f6a3232668b3b8568615679639629165d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a19679c68d2aaa9d2cb370732ce437f6a3232668b3b8568615679639629165d6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LSQ+: Improving low-bit quantization through learnable offsets and better initialization","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Jinwon Lee, Markus Nagel, Nojun Kwak, Tijmen Blankevoort, Yash Bhalgat","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T19:04:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Unlike ReLU, newer activation functions (like Swish, H-swish, Mish) that are frequently employed in popular efficient architectures can also result in negative activation values, with skewed positive and negative ranges. Typical learnable quantization schemes [PACT, LSQ] assume unsigned quantization for activations and quantize all negative activations to zero which leads to significant loss in performance. Naively using signed quantization to accommodate these negative values requires an extra sign bit which is expensive for low-bit (2-, 3-, 4-bit) quantization. To solve this problem, we prop"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.09576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.09576/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oGhgnCjFIpcttL+/TMrBySgeR/y3cYwS/Fn5OEm3wqcDpgXe5CvUxvD8z/QhYxxD4dqA9PlIhf7nG6rASdFlAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T18:10:02.732160Z"},"content_sha256":"2ab96837b667eed0f84ae50d6c4d6d9b0eb46bbb8e0f5fc55794cfeb6f0a79db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2ab96837b667eed0f84ae50d6c4d6d9b0eb46bbb8e0f5fc55794cfeb6f0a79db"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T18:10:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63CZLHE6DCYT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d5dedda1364933f35ddce84284ec6d31ba7633d7010b4123150b7b16d5b1d99","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T19:04:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"663d201bc8c10bb35b33360b8040f6ff949ac5a7559c88c872a79bfbce7b7f34"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.09576","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.09576","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.09576v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.09576","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HEYTQG7K5OLW","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HEYTQG7K5OLWLG63","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HEYTQG7K","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2ab96837b667eed0f84ae50d6c4d6d9b0eb46bbb8e0f5fc55794cfeb6f0a79db","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.09576/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Unlike ReLU, newer activation functions (like Swish, H-swish, Mish) that are frequently employed in popular efficient architectures can also result in negative activation values, with skewed positive and negative ranges. Typical learnable quantization schemes [PACT, LSQ] assume unsigned quantization for activations and quantize all negative activations to zero which leads to significant loss in performance. Naively using signed quantization to accommodate these negative values requires an extra sign bit which is expensive for low-bit (2-, 3-, 4-bit) quantization. To solve this problem, we prop","authors_text":"Jinwon Lee, Markus Nagel, Nojun Kwak, Tijmen Blankevoort, Yash Bhalgat","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T19:04:51Z","title":"LSQ+: Improving low-bit quantization through learnable offsets and better initialization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.09576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a19679c68d2aaa9d2cb370732ce437f6a3232668b3b8568615679639629165d6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d5dedda1364933f35ddce84284ec6d31ba7633d7010b4123150b7b16d5b1d99","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T19:04:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"663d201bc8c10bb35b33360b8040f6ff949ac5a7559c88c872a79bfbce7b7f34"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.09576","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3931381beaeb97659bdb1656727862c4fdc148c692a6df088faab89e2f9c3436","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3931381beaeb97659bdb1656727862c4fdc148c692a6df088faab89e2f9c3436","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51.608360Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51.608360Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CVeHYLI27OBrAWPngLivCkmAwigJatwrCwRo1QXVDrTPKSzIM2UDAUf/nSYm5ukcQHApDILabY5wCj41/51dDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:56:51.608723Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.09576","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a19679c68d2aaa9d2cb370732ce437f6a3232668b3b8568615679639629165d6","sha256:2ab96837b667eed0f84ae50d6c4d6d9b0eb46bbb8e0f5fc55794cfeb6f0a79db"],"state_sha256":"fac853c1460bd181792dc3da34d0d0b254bd9aa6c8b56d695b16fbaddddc1689"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VM/JcTGsi+XEVN0oW/0mjaxTkT8kAu5aVFNhxIVRB4WfThNUUbIew+omocBCA4ZmPc2Oahespw87jZExe8NECw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T18:10:02.738321Z","bundle_sha256":"dd38c658d9c7d50280f30a64355c057024005f1815c052c2fe5667512db46781"}}