{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY","short_pith_number":"pith:HFEJXF3S","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1205.3404","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2012-05-15T15:03:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"dd3bafb2d53f2cf6cf8c2a6ea889d538a191dceff1820d08c167e4110df3797e","abstract_canon_sha256":"3885892b9874ff98ba129124d757d356aff94919e99ef8cdf058a114749734ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"39489b97725d5c58d8235fe90016793e1897884d6ed5d305619bcdf3c45a4720","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1205.3404","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1205.3404","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1205.3404v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1205.3404","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HFEJXF3SLVOF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HFEJXF3S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1205.3404","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2012-05-15T15:03:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"dd3bafb2d53f2cf6cf8c2a6ea889d538a191dceff1820d08c167e4110df3797e","abstract_canon_sha256":"3885892b9874ff98ba129124d757d356aff94919e99ef8cdf058a114749734ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"39489b97725d5c58d8235fe90016793e1897884d6ed5d305619bcdf3c45a4720","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36.319108Z","signature_b64":"68UB0OUWUEsGPQfvv1DOEezlTNF75oTbUg1O7lbA7DR/vQy025lqBmZhvctk2nLwhceEug7FwpCGkjL8HQ8OBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"39489b97725d5c58d8235fe90016793e1897884d6ed5d305619bcdf3c45a4720","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36.318536Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36.318536Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1205.3404","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/PxRoGlddF+Eg+4W6YqHHgo1JML2/xsvXHyb8RpyWsaYVAR49cMXLaJ8146B8k6HcpFEURvY/JMni6slICkLDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T15:27:51.117371Z"},"content_sha256":"defa011fcfe0fe79710c94ba758cae798ca4b37efa6d1c506413e4b3f6dfabb8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:defa011fcfe0fe79710c94ba758cae798ca4b37efa6d1c506413e4b3f6dfabb8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hawking Radiation as a Mechanism for Inflation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Douglas Singleton, Sujoy Kumar Modak","submitted_at":"2012-05-15T15:03:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time exhibits particle creation similar to Hawking radiation of a black hole. In this essay we show that this FRW Hawking radiation leads to an effective negative pressure fluid which can drive an inflationary period of exponential expansion in the early Universe. Since the Hawking temperature of the FRW space-time decreases as the Universe expands this mechanism naturally turns off and the inflationary stage transitions to a power law expansion associated with an ordinary radiation dominated Universe."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1205.3404","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DXrdDIgWtfe5rbQMSYWi7dHyJLjUxoaHIFf5loX4FC3o8KSGxS9JTPZQT749kJ9eqAljwRyVNcHxTWuM4w47DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T15:27:51.117820Z"},"content_sha256":"f5fdc6e099cf3819a3fad9a86377cae93ae1c032dc9781c3bd88d4299d9ac68d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f5fdc6e099cf3819a3fad9a86377cae93ae1c032dc9781c3bd88d4299d9ac68d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T15:27:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBDL7UQAFTZHY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3885892b9874ff98ba129124d757d356aff94919e99ef8cdf058a114749734ce","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2012-05-15T15:03:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"dd3bafb2d53f2cf6cf8c2a6ea889d538a191dceff1820d08c167e4110df3797e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1205.3404","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1205.3404","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1205.3404v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1205.3404","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HFEJXF3SLVOF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HFEJXF3SLVOFRWBD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HFEJXF3S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f5fdc6e099cf3819a3fad9a86377cae93ae1c032dc9781c3bd88d4299d9ac68d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time exhibits particle creation similar to Hawking radiation of a black hole. In this essay we show that this FRW Hawking radiation leads to an effective negative pressure fluid which can drive an inflationary period of exponential expansion in the early Universe. Since the Hawking temperature of the FRW space-time decreases as the Universe expands this mechanism naturally turns off and the inflationary stage transitions to a power law expansion associated with an ordinary radiation dominated Universe.","authors_text":"Douglas Singleton, Sujoy Kumar Modak","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2012-05-15T15:03:20Z","title":"Hawking Radiation as a Mechanism for Inflation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1205.3404","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:defa011fcfe0fe79710c94ba758cae798ca4b37efa6d1c506413e4b3f6dfabb8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3885892b9874ff98ba129124d757d356aff94919e99ef8cdf058a114749734ce","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2012-05-15T15:03:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"dd3bafb2d53f2cf6cf8c2a6ea889d538a191dceff1820d08c167e4110df3797e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1205.3404","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"39489b97725d5c58d8235fe90016793e1897884d6ed5d305619bcdf3c45a4720","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"39489b97725d5c58d8235fe90016793e1897884d6ed5d305619bcdf3c45a4720","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36.318536Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36.318536Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"68UB0OUWUEsGPQfvv1DOEezlTNF75oTbUg1O7lbA7DR/vQy025lqBmZhvctk2nLwhceEug7FwpCGkjL8HQ8OBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:40:36.319108Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1205.3404","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:defa011fcfe0fe79710c94ba758cae798ca4b37efa6d1c506413e4b3f6dfabb8","sha256:f5fdc6e099cf3819a3fad9a86377cae93ae1c032dc9781c3bd88d4299d9ac68d"],"state_sha256":"801e21c3e92ad78b82048889e980879f90678026c1a9f39f03b9ebdbb5859d22"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hE8ehk9YNz8ARgOBvVINTW1WHJLST+ccDiXPqUwf7nsqBH8hKkorUL5bEhSb6JMhl0riWYlKmmIqUQXpjh5DCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T15:27:51.120799Z","bundle_sha256":"def5aab55ebc7825eb8600d93c6739f39d89b1af23529e7d12a9028de460b030"}}