{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO","short_pith_number":"pith:HJ4JRTCB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T21:01:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"19bf0eab50f7725a0edad20dbd9381e332bc9618ec2ae8c20c0979495cdb46cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"43a57c98aacdc33a10aa27c52bd2acbbf7d96fe79638c2cfdf5556f56db38465"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3a7898cc41a24738b8721a9860139b2398d9ec78fd756e7ddb418e9fceda70d7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1512.02240","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.02240","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.02240v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.02240","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HJ4JRTCBUJDT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HJ4JRTCB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T21:01:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"19bf0eab50f7725a0edad20dbd9381e332bc9618ec2ae8c20c0979495cdb46cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"43a57c98aacdc33a10aa27c52bd2acbbf7d96fe79638c2cfdf5556f56db38465"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3a7898cc41a24738b8721a9860139b2398d9ec78fd756e7ddb418e9fceda70d7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35.100803Z","signature_b64":"5QU8smx0S/SITTZq4iei4hAiXJOQLlSuIl5Iettifl/KiiQ9U8tN3sn4P7P25iamb3fu49zzQrYBl2ozt//qBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3a7898cc41a24738b8721a9860139b2398d9ec78fd756e7ddb418e9fceda70d7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35.099713Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35.099713Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1512.02240","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YJwky1GWLYKHgwG5IW9TJHhZFIx23Gqi5Lxa6fO1z17wl5VezlmAttK4bA0KvDvVbwOWUyRdIwQiKktqNhJ5Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T11:48:42.937532Z"},"content_sha256":"22795bb52222e867560141547cce6585f143c279dde3c284abb9529512d70134","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22795bb52222e867560141547cce6585f143c279dde3c284abb9529512d70134"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causal Boxes: Quantum Information-Processing Systems Closed under Composition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Bj\\\"orn Tackmann, Christian Matt, Christopher Portmann, Renato Renner, Ueli Maurer","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T21:01:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Complex information-processing systems, for example quantum circuits, cryptographic protocols, or multi-player games, are naturally described as networks composed of more basic information-processing systems. A modular analysis of such systems requires a mathematical model of systems that is closed under composition, i.e., a network of these objects is again an object of the same type. We propose such a model and call the corresponding systems causal boxes.\n  Causal boxes capture superpositions of causal structures, e.g., messages sent by a causal box A can be in a superposition of different o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"naZR0+iznXOvEwbeLa7A3PYBVdKKE99ZrFIoR3CeyXAvwoAhZHJQKv54Sn7h8rLPi+OoiKc7Ho3cTp2ZUviGCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T11:48:42.938297Z"},"content_sha256":"980668b098de3f70f73e3ed0473ec25a4cfb23ef751b060c7ca18cd8582dd110","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:980668b098de3f70f73e3ed0473ec25a4cfb23ef751b060c7ca18cd8582dd110"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T11:48:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODSDKMGAE43EO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"43a57c98aacdc33a10aa27c52bd2acbbf7d96fe79638c2cfdf5556f56db38465","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T21:01:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"19bf0eab50f7725a0edad20dbd9381e332bc9618ec2ae8c20c0979495cdb46cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.02240","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.02240v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.02240","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HJ4JRTCBUJDT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HJ4JRTCBUJDTRODS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HJ4JRTCB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:980668b098de3f70f73e3ed0473ec25a4cfb23ef751b060c7ca18cd8582dd110","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Complex information-processing systems, for example quantum circuits, cryptographic protocols, or multi-player games, are naturally described as networks composed of more basic information-processing systems. A modular analysis of such systems requires a mathematical model of systems that is closed under composition, i.e., a network of these objects is again an object of the same type. We propose such a model and call the corresponding systems causal boxes.\n  Causal boxes capture superpositions of causal structures, e.g., messages sent by a causal box A can be in a superposition of different o","authors_text":"Bj\\\"orn Tackmann, Christian Matt, Christopher Portmann, Renato Renner, Ueli Maurer","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T21:01:50Z","title":"Causal Boxes: Quantum Information-Processing Systems Closed under Composition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:22795bb52222e867560141547cce6585f143c279dde3c284abb9529512d70134","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"43a57c98aacdc33a10aa27c52bd2acbbf7d96fe79638c2cfdf5556f56db38465","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T21:01:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"19bf0eab50f7725a0edad20dbd9381e332bc9618ec2ae8c20c0979495cdb46cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"3a7898cc41a24738b8721a9860139b2398d9ec78fd756e7ddb418e9fceda70d7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3a7898cc41a24738b8721a9860139b2398d9ec78fd756e7ddb418e9fceda70d7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35.099713Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35.099713Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5QU8smx0S/SITTZq4iei4hAiXJOQLlSuIl5Iettifl/KiiQ9U8tN3sn4P7P25iamb3fu49zzQrYBl2ozt//qBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:35.100803Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1512.02240","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:22795bb52222e867560141547cce6585f143c279dde3c284abb9529512d70134","sha256:980668b098de3f70f73e3ed0473ec25a4cfb23ef751b060c7ca18cd8582dd110"],"state_sha256":"13c9812e7c1c8d825b50ca0c9b798eba843661038b7f12feef97495f24e2736e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rCwCEuVitvLKlMtTTTNoBV/f2i/zZaRnrgyk4yPyAPImpqT5CbyVDqUET4mhF7Jg1DqmjmsAG8oMJgy9DkNqAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T11:48:42.940755Z","bundle_sha256":"000777468e23bb4999b78a13d61766630d63dc00a5befad2168c5668af2dfb8d"}}