{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T","short_pith_number":"pith:HJBGHMMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.11566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T06:49:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"88af12ab8424c149327620405229887dbdfb3c66ca6a154fb268260cdb75f310","abstract_canon_sha256":"544e152a4bcafcb5441393ead610cdbd45c63f07c4c9d743ccc1d74cbd6c45fa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3a4263b195766785ce887a04c60a1ee4c7b5cac10da865abc78514b98cd3fa30","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.11566","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.11566","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.11566v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.11566","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HJBGHMMVOZTY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HJBGHMMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.11566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T06:49:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"88af12ab8424c149327620405229887dbdfb3c66ca6a154fb268260cdb75f310","abstract_canon_sha256":"544e152a4bcafcb5441393ead610cdbd45c63f07c4c9d743ccc1d74cbd6c45fa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3a4263b195766785ce887a04c60a1ee4c7b5cac10da865abc78514b98cd3fa30","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30.706582Z","signature_b64":"IuKMhkCyvgdWEKtixAQMhIL+HI7q0uj8ITpdFr46WPnHIwhMrUvP5JyrdFhqnQ5okXm8ZXhQ9cHVEc/Xz70OCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3a4263b195766785ce887a04c60a1ee4c7b5cac10da865abc78514b98cd3fa30","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30.706108Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30.706108Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.11566","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XYpNWzxp3u4XG99XqgCacxxA17ux9Z3fggxU1Q4lI9TX87U1Ro4V+ajaio6/8ISIZ3rXgNBW9Tui8byzfpm6Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:39:34.985861Z"},"content_sha256":"81e427f78a67be76124cc2445fb911329bc7af5d42c06dbf85246ba0fe4b92f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:81e427f78a67be76124cc2445fb911329bc7af5d42c06dbf85246ba0fe4b92f7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SENT: Sentence-level Distant Relation Extraction via Negative Training","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Linyang Li, Qi Zhang, Ruotian Ma, Tao Gui, Xuanjing Huang, Yaqian Zhou","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T06:49:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Distant supervision for relation extraction provides uniform bag labels for each sentence inside the bag, while accurate sentence labels are important for downstream applications that need the exact relation type. Directly using bag labels for sentence-level training will introduce much noise, thus severely degrading performance. In this work, we propose the use of negative training (NT), in which a model is trained using complementary labels regarding that ``the instance does not belong to these complementary labels\". Since the probability of selecting a true label as a complementary label is"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.11566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.11566/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vHzcXI/2z5dT9xTO/+9ZClGVIv0z48r02S3IyRsatEXk+O0uShGcYDm78832ucPTMvskyroe2HeHei1ZRgT5Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:39:34.986244Z"},"content_sha256":"f23d03839ac1dc8fa147e61217b173daf90f0fbdffdb4380ccd9289e82bc5a8c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f23d03839ac1dc8fa147e61217b173daf90f0fbdffdb4380ccd9289e82bc5a8c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T17:39:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUIPICMMCQ64T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"544e152a4bcafcb5441393ead610cdbd45c63f07c4c9d743ccc1d74cbd6c45fa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T06:49:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"88af12ab8424c149327620405229887dbdfb3c66ca6a154fb268260cdb75f310"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.11566","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.11566","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.11566v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.11566","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HJBGHMMVOZTY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HJBGHMMVOZTYLTUI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HJBGHMMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f23d03839ac1dc8fa147e61217b173daf90f0fbdffdb4380ccd9289e82bc5a8c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.11566/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Distant supervision for relation extraction provides uniform bag labels for each sentence inside the bag, while accurate sentence labels are important for downstream applications that need the exact relation type. Directly using bag labels for sentence-level training will introduce much noise, thus severely degrading performance. In this work, we propose the use of negative training (NT), in which a model is trained using complementary labels regarding that ``the instance does not belong to these complementary labels\". Since the probability of selecting a true label as a complementary label is","authors_text":"Linyang Li, Qi Zhang, Ruotian Ma, Tao Gui, Xuanjing Huang, Yaqian Zhou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T06:49:05Z","title":"SENT: Sentence-level Distant Relation Extraction via Negative Training"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.11566","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:81e427f78a67be76124cc2445fb911329bc7af5d42c06dbf85246ba0fe4b92f7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"544e152a4bcafcb5441393ead610cdbd45c63f07c4c9d743ccc1d74cbd6c45fa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T06:49:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"88af12ab8424c149327620405229887dbdfb3c66ca6a154fb268260cdb75f310"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.11566","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3a4263b195766785ce887a04c60a1ee4c7b5cac10da865abc78514b98cd3fa30","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3a4263b195766785ce887a04c60a1ee4c7b5cac10da865abc78514b98cd3fa30","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30.706108Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30.706108Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"IuKMhkCyvgdWEKtixAQMhIL+HI7q0uj8ITpdFr46WPnHIwhMrUvP5JyrdFhqnQ5okXm8ZXhQ9cHVEc/Xz70OCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:51:30.706582Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.11566","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:81e427f78a67be76124cc2445fb911329bc7af5d42c06dbf85246ba0fe4b92f7","sha256:f23d03839ac1dc8fa147e61217b173daf90f0fbdffdb4380ccd9289e82bc5a8c"],"state_sha256":"af278c080a7e8bb15b33ab5822865cd05dca9814c10d2feeb82fb1db1f229196"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xwGVBhxKG0A00ZukRTONTDsB61BZjUPa9YWrZPfYh11o8v7mY6OgHfaac3+5l21+6/3G6mNK4YJzOxa0oWoOBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:39:34.988251Z","bundle_sha256":"1960f7aed10658e682146fedc1d5eeb3e26d8771b07743ff477c0efaf383706d"}}