{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL","short_pith_number":"pith:HKNF2ONQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1006.4334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2010-06-22T17:16:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"95aa0aeb4d4427f1560a58513ed498cc0ee9d12d934a0fdcd7c124cd541f914c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d9ebfb55d30b7384c7599703e3698e3118cf0fa670f8aa0e1361e1b2eba760b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3a9a5d39b049405e8ee2ea30e48d88c2c0df294932a3243d671cab4e9b17d58f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1006.4334","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1006.4334","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1006.4334v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1006.4334","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HKNF2ONQJFAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HKNF2ONQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1006.4334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2010-06-22T17:16:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"95aa0aeb4d4427f1560a58513ed498cc0ee9d12d934a0fdcd7c124cd541f914c","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d9ebfb55d30b7384c7599703e3698e3118cf0fa670f8aa0e1361e1b2eba760b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3a9a5d39b049405e8ee2ea30e48d88c2c0df294932a3243d671cab4e9b17d58f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26.783272Z","signature_b64":"xgM6+S7+QupG0omTg7yATibeFEUjJQW/OOz7P3xcw/ebAC6eXCBJuXCM54vcrFsqGumDEEM6ZtnR7g8uzc9pDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3a9a5d39b049405e8ee2ea30e48d88c2c0df294932a3243d671cab4e9b17d58f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26.782635Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26.782635Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1006.4334","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wUwnV4f/Mc0o3oZZ2jsP+LKcHXlGTjtrAi0ykqf7U7wNEFKz1RRXOcVDGOw0qJ6mYnJO8/EooSJWabQQdN//Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:59.894616Z"},"content_sha256":"0dec2ff332146c73317fe60ae391ff82d411ceb1cf8371a141310a3e5068dce1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0dec2ff332146c73317fe60ae391ff82d411ceb1cf8371a141310a3e5068dce1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Computing Upper Limits to Source Intensities","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","stat.AP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"Alanna Connors, Andreas Zezas, Aneta Siemiginowska, David A. van Dyk, Jin Xu, Peter Freeman, Vinay L. Kashyap","submitted_at":"2010-06-22T17:16:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"A common problem in astrophysics is determining how bright a source could be and still not be detected. Despite the simplicity with which the problem can be stated, the solution involves complex statistical issues that require careful analysis. In contrast to the confidence bound, this concept has never been formally analyzed, leading to a great variety of often ad hoc solutions. Here we formulate and describe the problem in a self-consistent manner. Detection significance is usually defined by the acceptable proportion of false positives (the TypeI error), and we invoke the complementary conc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1006.4334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"86DRrw1oEGQbcWxgjrakZC9Ays3TwGhtV4i6lp4F6kZvr8PpWOLhZBPBe8NDpCzsJnGhhshQ10oUJ3sNPSFuBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:59.894969Z"},"content_sha256":"b2d0a471318432b2216424df5a7855fd54f1194f24b54120c76cea6ed5b0e0db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b2d0a471318432b2216424df5a7855fd54f1194f24b54120c76cea6ed5b0e0db"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC5IYOJDMIYL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d9ebfb55d30b7384c7599703e3698e3118cf0fa670f8aa0e1361e1b2eba760b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2010-06-22T17:16:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"95aa0aeb4d4427f1560a58513ed498cc0ee9d12d934a0fdcd7c124cd541f914c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1006.4334","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1006.4334","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1006.4334v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1006.4334","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HKNF2ONQJFAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HKNF2ONQJFAF5DXC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HKNF2ONQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b2d0a471318432b2216424df5a7855fd54f1194f24b54120c76cea6ed5b0e0db","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A common problem in astrophysics is determining how bright a source could be and still not be detected. Despite the simplicity with which the problem can be stated, the solution involves complex statistical issues that require careful analysis. In contrast to the confidence bound, this concept has never been formally analyzed, leading to a great variety of often ad hoc solutions. Here we formulate and describe the problem in a self-consistent manner. Detection significance is usually defined by the acceptable proportion of false positives (the TypeI error), and we invoke the complementary conc","authors_text":"Alanna Connors, Andreas Zezas, Aneta Siemiginowska, David A. van Dyk, Jin Xu, Peter Freeman, Vinay L. Kashyap","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","stat.AP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2010-06-22T17:16:15Z","title":"On Computing Upper Limits to Source Intensities"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1006.4334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0dec2ff332146c73317fe60ae391ff82d411ceb1cf8371a141310a3e5068dce1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d9ebfb55d30b7384c7599703e3698e3118cf0fa670f8aa0e1361e1b2eba760b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2010-06-22T17:16:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"95aa0aeb4d4427f1560a58513ed498cc0ee9d12d934a0fdcd7c124cd541f914c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1006.4334","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3a9a5d39b049405e8ee2ea30e48d88c2c0df294932a3243d671cab4e9b17d58f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3a9a5d39b049405e8ee2ea30e48d88c2c0df294932a3243d671cab4e9b17d58f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26.782635Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26.782635Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xgM6+S7+QupG0omTg7yATibeFEUjJQW/OOz7P3xcw/ebAC6eXCBJuXCM54vcrFsqGumDEEM6ZtnR7g8uzc9pDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:26.783272Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1006.4334","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0dec2ff332146c73317fe60ae391ff82d411ceb1cf8371a141310a3e5068dce1","sha256:b2d0a471318432b2216424df5a7855fd54f1194f24b54120c76cea6ed5b0e0db"],"state_sha256":"69fbba3cfb79a35505be95d45d5a666591b9051e0da48d2d05a0ebcd7a0d91c0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bAcVZMT8gW+8EUxKLo3JTJOBiQdnW9RbJphy+wCnmfCXrI730TSo64bh65IoKQ2ua5Ss9bhxIXcKW/Sgj2PJBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:10:59.896946Z","bundle_sha256":"dc00713431233c8ef7c6da1b32fb4bfb023e8ad15533da9ed99cb04d30959557"}}