{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2","short_pith_number":"pith:HLUS6OOM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.1741","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-09T09:28:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e2012870e9c7f765d14aea98651e43fd2e64966e8a18295a37c56b5b46e39f1d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e6ee8171b7c5ef84185dbdd1e0bd7c046416314f61e2505841c62486b0a593f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3ae92f39cc88603f620623679ba2932e9732c87b541baa14b64a6b66bcca08be","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1103.1741","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.1741","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.1741v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.1741","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HLUS6OOMRBQD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HLUS6OOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.1741","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-09T09:28:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e2012870e9c7f765d14aea98651e43fd2e64966e8a18295a37c56b5b46e39f1d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e6ee8171b7c5ef84185dbdd1e0bd7c046416314f61e2505841c62486b0a593f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3ae92f39cc88603f620623679ba2932e9732c87b541baa14b64a6b66bcca08be","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05.885207Z","signature_b64":"gj7gviKfIhd390PQI+tAcP+lbmMm6j/HvczXyrpxW7rup6lwP4tKmes03zXzDvhPZ9sLcp9RgLEJIEZcwEHLAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3ae92f39cc88603f620623679ba2932e9732c87b541baa14b64a6b66bcca08be","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05.884576Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05.884576Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1103.1741","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"756PRMUNHCGCfvYH9VptiPHlaHs/7NiROfcz/Fn/nVn5dhLNZybwbL4rulULtXwUOL3AG8n/7DfPT3e7WwZNCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T18:26:01.134022Z"},"content_sha256":"295b85c044629b19f3b88a15ca23dddd0b7188633e72789d4d12c9707df22401","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:295b85c044629b19f3b88a15ca23dddd0b7188633e72789d4d12c9707df22401"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mitigation of Malicious Attacks on Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI","physics.comp-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Andre A. Moreira, Christian M. Schneider, Hans J. Herrmann, Jose S. Andrade Jr., Shlomo Havlin","submitted_at":"2011-03-09T09:28:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Terrorist attacks on transportation networks have traumatized modern societies. With a single blast, it has become possible to paralyze airline traffic, electric power supply, ground transportation or Internet communication. How and at which cost can one restructure the network such that it will become more robust against a malicious attack? We introduce a unique measure for robustness and use it to devise a method to mitigate economically and efficiently this risk. We demonstrate its efficiency on the European electricity system and on the Internet as well as on complex networks models. We sh"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.1741","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9mRIxk1O23AM9r3/miCi0Mod/ms6HYcxLnK/vnJOWh+NxUdW9dZM1d9JsOr+WJDcd7FuKbaIJjykwP6Ro7fZCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T18:26:01.134745Z"},"content_sha256":"1b6aed66e4de71de688126a695c153d378917d1167bf90d176ece60eec777a27","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b6aed66e4de71de688126a695c153d378917d1167bf90d176ece60eec777a27"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T18:26:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQGENTZXIUTF2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e6ee8171b7c5ef84185dbdd1e0bd7c046416314f61e2505841c62486b0a593f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-09T09:28:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"e2012870e9c7f765d14aea98651e43fd2e64966e8a18295a37c56b5b46e39f1d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.1741","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.1741","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.1741v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.1741","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HLUS6OOMRBQD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HLUS6OOMRBQD6YQG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HLUS6OOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1b6aed66e4de71de688126a695c153d378917d1167bf90d176ece60eec777a27","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Terrorist attacks on transportation networks have traumatized modern societies. With a single blast, it has become possible to paralyze airline traffic, electric power supply, ground transportation or Internet communication. How and at which cost can one restructure the network such that it will become more robust against a malicious attack? We introduce a unique measure for robustness and use it to devise a method to mitigate economically and efficiently this risk. We demonstrate its efficiency on the European electricity system and on the Internet as well as on complex networks models. We sh","authors_text":"Andre A. Moreira, Christian M. Schneider, Hans J. Herrmann, Jose S. Andrade Jr., Shlomo Havlin","cross_cats":["cs.SI","physics.comp-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-09T09:28:07Z","title":"Mitigation of Malicious Attacks on Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.1741","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:295b85c044629b19f3b88a15ca23dddd0b7188633e72789d4d12c9707df22401","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e6ee8171b7c5ef84185dbdd1e0bd7c046416314f61e2505841c62486b0a593f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-09T09:28:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"e2012870e9c7f765d14aea98651e43fd2e64966e8a18295a37c56b5b46e39f1d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.1741","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3ae92f39cc88603f620623679ba2932e9732c87b541baa14b64a6b66bcca08be","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3ae92f39cc88603f620623679ba2932e9732c87b541baa14b64a6b66bcca08be","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05.884576Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05.884576Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gj7gviKfIhd390PQI+tAcP+lbmMm6j/HvczXyrpxW7rup6lwP4tKmes03zXzDvhPZ9sLcp9RgLEJIEZcwEHLAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:05.885207Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1103.1741","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:295b85c044629b19f3b88a15ca23dddd0b7188633e72789d4d12c9707df22401","sha256:1b6aed66e4de71de688126a695c153d378917d1167bf90d176ece60eec777a27"],"state_sha256":"70d2a52ab072096975245a8ca5bb7298b3fb9c75b8ca2390baf290959dd3af51"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"un7/+IqpCxYWJm579PZQjNxSMSFQA0qlOaJgGfOb3wgD/O8jLFBtlq0JYRcj/OH0DN0M9ZB3fByLiVi5fxM/BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T18:26:01.138338Z","bundle_sha256":"10f0027b10199f7159655496f88131074e319fa07214ce44a1f786b1d9e43316"}}