{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB","short_pith_number":"pith:HMLNQERP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.08339","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-04-23T11:20:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6c568ca5f74b79882f86ce134c8594b60ab8ab859c615e81bc2990fb5919989b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7206e2a27673e5739d5775ab7425d090d6b90c641fcaa35664c86f96bb22c1b6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3b16d8122f87a0cb76034478ee5f2d8050198702c4a0368e633220e4d9c93c82","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.08339","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.08339","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.08339v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.08339","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HMLNQERPQ6QM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HMLNQERP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.08339","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-04-23T11:20:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6c568ca5f74b79882f86ce134c8594b60ab8ab859c615e81bc2990fb5919989b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7206e2a27673e5739d5775ab7425d090d6b90c641fcaa35664c86f96bb22c1b6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3b16d8122f87a0cb76034478ee5f2d8050198702c4a0368e633220e4d9c93c82","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14.505264Z","signature_b64":"CCGDngdwhVv/XGI0dhjqkp1MESwdQ2XdLdvGqMD+ZunJdyqi52h8zVjdWRnEdD7fRUfG77D4A6hWJPhlV6nbBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3b16d8122f87a0cb76034478ee5f2d8050198702c4a0368e633220e4d9c93c82","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14.504432Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14.504432Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.08339","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M9H8r0moJxBD+Zqdvs4Ug6jdSaFF+3K/tkdAb8EOWeKACMK7at8w+KMjAqoqz7JRhznBbmNdT6gzX4QEQulWBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T22:11:20.194758Z"},"content_sha256":"d91441bc58186085d65d9fbc003bd60d9813f2d31dee6701f79058fd119e3679","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d91441bc58186085d65d9fbc003bd60d9813f2d31dee6701f79058fd119e3679"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Ultra-high Numerical Aperture Metalens at Visible Wavelengths","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Haowen Liang, JianYing Zhou, Juntao Li, Lidan Zhou, Lin Liu, Qian Sun, Qiaoling Lin, Thomas F Krauss, Xiangsheng Xie, Xiangyang Yu, Yin Wang","submitted_at":"2018-04-23T11:20:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate a metalens with NA = 0.98 in air, a bandwidth (FWHM) of 274 nm and a focusing efficiency of 67% at 532 nm wavelength, which is close to the transmission performance of a TiO2 metalens. Moreover, and uniquely so, our metalens can be front-immersed into immersion oil and achieve an ultra-high NA of 1.48 experimentally and 1.73 theoretically, thereby demonstrating the highest NA of any metalens in the visible regime reported to the best of our knowledge."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.08339","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XSVS2ul+2zda/ZaN/E9b/x1wKBITsULxoQEGmRF60sEGpoXYJi8tvsNopZ9UeWcOkCFLk/dmbLAg0vCVj5XIDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T22:11:20.195520Z"},"content_sha256":"0b8b53f910b3715652cacd7a9b846bbfcb6e0e2c0f83c3f16494c9e4c9ab72f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b8b53f910b3715652cacd7a9b846bbfcb6e0e2c0f83c3f16494c9e4c9ab72f9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T22:11:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QDIR4O4XZNQB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7206e2a27673e5739d5775ab7425d090d6b90c641fcaa35664c86f96bb22c1b6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-04-23T11:20:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c568ca5f74b79882f86ce134c8594b60ab8ab859c615e81bc2990fb5919989b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.08339","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.08339","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.08339v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.08339","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HMLNQERPQ6QM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HMLNQERPQ6QMW5QD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HMLNQERP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0b8b53f910b3715652cacd7a9b846bbfcb6e0e2c0f83c3f16494c9e4c9ab72f9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate a metalens with NA = 0.98 in air, a bandwidth (FWHM) of 274 nm and a focusing efficiency of 67% at 532 nm wavelength, which is close to the transmission performance of a TiO2 metalens. Moreover, and uniquely so, our metalens can be front-immersed into immersion oil and achieve an ultra-high NA of 1.48 experimentally and 1.73 theoretically, thereby demonstrating the highest NA of any metalens in the visible regime reported to the best of our knowledge.","authors_text":"Haowen Liang, JianYing Zhou, Juntao Li, Lidan Zhou, Lin Liu, Qian Sun, Qiaoling Lin, Thomas F Krauss, Xiangsheng Xie, Xiangyang Yu, Yin Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-04-23T11:20:31Z","title":"An Ultra-high Numerical Aperture Metalens at Visible Wavelengths"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.08339","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d91441bc58186085d65d9fbc003bd60d9813f2d31dee6701f79058fd119e3679","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7206e2a27673e5739d5775ab7425d090d6b90c641fcaa35664c86f96bb22c1b6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-04-23T11:20:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c568ca5f74b79882f86ce134c8594b60ab8ab859c615e81bc2990fb5919989b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.08339","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3b16d8122f87a0cb76034478ee5f2d8050198702c4a0368e633220e4d9c93c82","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3b16d8122f87a0cb76034478ee5f2d8050198702c4a0368e633220e4d9c93c82","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14.504432Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14.504432Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CCGDngdwhVv/XGI0dhjqkp1MESwdQ2XdLdvGqMD+ZunJdyqi52h8zVjdWRnEdD7fRUfG77D4A6hWJPhlV6nbBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:14.505264Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.08339","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d91441bc58186085d65d9fbc003bd60d9813f2d31dee6701f79058fd119e3679","sha256:0b8b53f910b3715652cacd7a9b846bbfcb6e0e2c0f83c3f16494c9e4c9ab72f9"],"state_sha256":"8214092909f8bf7ce8ba12b0556398a553a0e8ead4ed69164b143a9914afa74a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cfz0+1MJNQEeD3nP45dMTMZGi1k+Ce0HKTpjlcgOWeqJGfvdKVPqpg9gWig0MtX8LCm+0A0BFQ6a4wgicJFzCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T22:11:20.199539Z","bundle_sha256":"17ff01d5fe91cd4c91956fbd00987a928320968def223e882a8e658483e5ddf4"}}