{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN","short_pith_number":"pith:HQ2TMFZR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.07543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2018-03-20T17:41:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"243f49d2ce6928a509450f66a2da6683a42aa10bc2ce51b885f647d38afa44f5","abstract_canon_sha256":"1243b6583a001ed97e31f41111a6c67f43d2ab2be78f3a788da33b6364ab7f3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3c3536173161c270be66fa3867c719c35a27042a069c43eca169e65c08298c5e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.07543","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.07543","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.07543v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.07543","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HQ2TMFZRMHBH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HQ2TMFZR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.07543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2018-03-20T17:41:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"243f49d2ce6928a509450f66a2da6683a42aa10bc2ce51b885f647d38afa44f5","abstract_canon_sha256":"1243b6583a001ed97e31f41111a6c67f43d2ab2be78f3a788da33b6364ab7f3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3c3536173161c270be66fa3867c719c35a27042a069c43eca169e65c08298c5e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32.867948Z","signature_b64":"cOW0PW0tOnERf7g/54xNbYS50D4n3nJt1SJWqsk8D42d5jWZpPc47vlEeLMrU6gzOAE1NBH3Ez8AZryN26DCBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3c3536173161c270be66fa3867c719c35a27042a069c43eca169e65c08298c5e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32.867283Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32.867283Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.07543","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0W7nOgw6qWppg6+yCRj2xcAq807xnrDppQUTgMi2k+sWI7Z6cC8yfIhcmFQS0ikEu1zWhhM32FDr95xrok3LAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T02:29:07.458745Z"},"content_sha256":"ff7bf21b186973d7d77cb233a26ff57d689bf4a95d0fa7f7b10a7ddbdee7beaa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff7bf21b186973d7d77cb233a26ff57d689bf4a95d0fa7f7b10a7ddbdee7beaa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On How Kelsenian Jurisprudence and Intuitionistic Logic help to avoid Contrary-to-Duty paradoxes in Legal Ontologies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LO","authors_text":"Alexandre Rademaker, Edward Hermann Haeusler","submitted_at":"2018-03-20T17:41:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this article we show how Hans Kelsen jurisprudence and Intuitionistic logic are used to avoid the well-known contrary-to-duty (CTD) paradoxes, such as Chisholm paradoxes and its variants. This article uses an intuitionistic version of the ALC description logic, named iALC, to show how an ontology based on individually valid legal statements is able to avoid CTDs by providing models to them."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.07543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n3TIWJAf2IdqtzEXW+R1Szz5qd+wZCm0TBlt6XkE0ZlHFFmWCd2qfPsJ3HkwK8EaQ+VRUJk8+TX5LbvmuDETDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T02:29:07.459411Z"},"content_sha256":"a59aee90d491179b40a226da428e89451907ecf453e0969520a9d539960fdf70","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a59aee90d491179b40a226da428e89451907ecf453e0969520a9d539960fdf70"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T02:29:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG7I4GPRYZYN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1243b6583a001ed97e31f41111a6c67f43d2ab2be78f3a788da33b6364ab7f3f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2018-03-20T17:41:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"243f49d2ce6928a509450f66a2da6683a42aa10bc2ce51b885f647d38afa44f5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.07543","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.07543","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.07543v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.07543","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HQ2TMFZRMHBH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HQ2TMFZRMHBHBPTG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HQ2TMFZR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a59aee90d491179b40a226da428e89451907ecf453e0969520a9d539960fdf70","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this article we show how Hans Kelsen jurisprudence and Intuitionistic logic are used to avoid the well-known contrary-to-duty (CTD) paradoxes, such as Chisholm paradoxes and its variants. This article uses an intuitionistic version of the ALC description logic, named iALC, to show how an ontology based on individually valid legal statements is able to avoid CTDs by providing models to them.","authors_text":"Alexandre Rademaker, Edward Hermann Haeusler","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2018-03-20T17:41:00Z","title":"On How Kelsenian Jurisprudence and Intuitionistic Logic help to avoid Contrary-to-Duty paradoxes in Legal Ontologies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.07543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff7bf21b186973d7d77cb233a26ff57d689bf4a95d0fa7f7b10a7ddbdee7beaa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1243b6583a001ed97e31f41111a6c67f43d2ab2be78f3a788da33b6364ab7f3f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2018-03-20T17:41:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"243f49d2ce6928a509450f66a2da6683a42aa10bc2ce51b885f647d38afa44f5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.07543","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3c3536173161c270be66fa3867c719c35a27042a069c43eca169e65c08298c5e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3c3536173161c270be66fa3867c719c35a27042a069c43eca169e65c08298c5e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32.867283Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32.867283Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cOW0PW0tOnERf7g/54xNbYS50D4n3nJt1SJWqsk8D42d5jWZpPc47vlEeLMrU6gzOAE1NBH3Ez8AZryN26DCBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:32.867948Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.07543","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff7bf21b186973d7d77cb233a26ff57d689bf4a95d0fa7f7b10a7ddbdee7beaa","sha256:a59aee90d491179b40a226da428e89451907ecf453e0969520a9d539960fdf70"],"state_sha256":"d2931c7f8548deba63e70ef924382e9f09662e019d58b93edaa2409182c640cb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kNo/Ks/LrhA4OTHaPHVFDSXSSEDqNVQt2DcxDikCVI6NHrsAc0+zHTOK78AuaIjtQNNfE2TK4Wr1W6OdYy5jAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T02:29:07.463156Z","bundle_sha256":"e5f36f95afd21ec71fc5fe58a57e5485c0b8c2549d03401dcbda2cb6f757ebd8"}}