{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF","short_pith_number":"pith:HS2GKYSM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.05900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-06-19T18:51:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a42c2c5501cf7ed2783365644904d222790290b79aed42758f94b0932f030373","abstract_canon_sha256":"52761f747bce7e6efe37e30de4d772ffc37066295ca514b3c549e7e34147d050"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cb465624ccb7e7911e8bb4b29c59ca1738f53a5e27330f0fe709951aaa84c7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1606.05900","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.05900","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.05900v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.05900","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HS2GKYSMZN7H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HS2GKYSM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.05900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-06-19T18:51:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a42c2c5501cf7ed2783365644904d222790290b79aed42758f94b0932f030373","abstract_canon_sha256":"52761f747bce7e6efe37e30de4d772ffc37066295ca514b3c549e7e34147d050"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cb465624ccb7e7911e8bb4b29c59ca1738f53a5e27330f0fe709951aaa84c7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14.846879Z","signature_b64":"1YSukqLGjSQKFR+oEW3wmre/4FY0f/SDRxPkA5a4OqEvTTRuY/+LB52v3eZ32vrbYPZfRL/IZJ5xLhakqgpODA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3cb465624ccb7e7911e8bb4b29c59ca1738f53a5e27330f0fe709951aaa84c7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14.845999Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14.845999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1606.05900","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Te0I08IelO3542LF0cGvRB91gTWuS75dgQXZf6z5/85SxC4Hn4gfTlXKOV4mb1Pnf3LHIubGHsXmbe1khAPhBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T15:23:41.976039Z"},"content_sha256":"7dcca21edf353e903c0f680eba20fd7c8f2ba9eec281a5ee5376ba3bb322ab35","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7dcca21edf353e903c0f680eba20fd7c8f2ba9eec281a5ee5376ba3bb322ab35"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Asymmetric, Closed-Form, Finite-Parameter Models of Multinomial Choice","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Joan L. Walker, Timothy Brathwaite","submitted_at":"2016-06-19T18:51:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"In transportation, the number of observations associated with one discrete outcome is often greatly different from the number of observations associated with another discrete outcome. This situation is known as class-imbalance. In statistics, one hypothesized explanation for class imbalance is the existence of data generating processes that are characterized by asymmetric (as opposed to typically symmetric) probability functions. Despite being a valid hypothesis for class-imbalanced choice situations, few simple models exist for testing this explanation in transportation settings---settings th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.05900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RFcn/CcRUJmDGtDQcNwPtzMQu/2DmRDda1pAi/vru/lrjeO0evvqO4fYZaxhugrNPUV1CvYIm8KlqGdyGFk8AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T15:23:41.976374Z"},"content_sha256":"2b23392889caed1ecb2ca23ac703f4ac6062753bc2a65e05d8a8b086216a939d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b23392889caed1ecb2ca23ac703f4ac6062753bc2a65e05d8a8b086216a939d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-22T15:23:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPIXNFSTRM4UF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52761f747bce7e6efe37e30de4d772ffc37066295ca514b3c549e7e34147d050","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-06-19T18:51:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"a42c2c5501cf7ed2783365644904d222790290b79aed42758f94b0932f030373"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.05900","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.05900","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.05900v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.05900","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HS2GKYSMZN7H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HS2GKYSMZN7HSEPI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HS2GKYSM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2b23392889caed1ecb2ca23ac703f4ac6062753bc2a65e05d8a8b086216a939d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In transportation, the number of observations associated with one discrete outcome is often greatly different from the number of observations associated with another discrete outcome. This situation is known as class-imbalance. In statistics, one hypothesized explanation for class imbalance is the existence of data generating processes that are characterized by asymmetric (as opposed to typically symmetric) probability functions. Despite being a valid hypothesis for class-imbalanced choice situations, few simple models exist for testing this explanation in transportation settings---settings th","authors_text":"Joan L. Walker, Timothy Brathwaite","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-06-19T18:51:09Z","title":"Asymmetric, Closed-Form, Finite-Parameter Models of Multinomial Choice"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.05900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7dcca21edf353e903c0f680eba20fd7c8f2ba9eec281a5ee5376ba3bb322ab35","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52761f747bce7e6efe37e30de4d772ffc37066295ca514b3c549e7e34147d050","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-06-19T18:51:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"a42c2c5501cf7ed2783365644904d222790290b79aed42758f94b0932f030373"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.05900","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3cb465624ccb7e7911e8bb4b29c59ca1738f53a5e27330f0fe709951aaa84c7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3cb465624ccb7e7911e8bb4b29c59ca1738f53a5e27330f0fe709951aaa84c7c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14.845999Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14.845999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1YSukqLGjSQKFR+oEW3wmre/4FY0f/SDRxPkA5a4OqEvTTRuY/+LB52v3eZ32vrbYPZfRL/IZJ5xLhakqgpODA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:14.846879Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1606.05900","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7dcca21edf353e903c0f680eba20fd7c8f2ba9eec281a5ee5376ba3bb322ab35","sha256:2b23392889caed1ecb2ca23ac703f4ac6062753bc2a65e05d8a8b086216a939d"],"state_sha256":"bfce73293d1d0ac554ed1f69ce2c7942238e742951cba1d8892c162652ce3314"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jo0Nto8oWxii1W/tJvUfhJj0XgcpGmU9YGqBZ0FcwTVCelkuTF/6LNsBbpHV1oknqzKbBxUWOx9poHwqAkxCAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T15:23:41.978164Z","bundle_sha256":"39568f52e517052c72cdb587e4218cb3152b33699989488c3c20a7fc4f3bba21"}}