{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:HSUCUD5T3FFP5CX24V5GTSHROX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b74902b20f2ed60c6e2a69da8636322c8f814c3a0592228efbf6a3bbfbff3ad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.DL","cs.SI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-08-11T09:34:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"9df8a565fc9b5e2fa519190d447802004cc1984ac9f56f1902a37e9f81e50e41"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.10715","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.10715","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.10715v1","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.10715","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HSUCUD5T3FFP","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HSUCUD5T3FFP5CX2","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HSUCUD5T","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fae27b8b560a0a13d6980a8812052fe266cb197b6f48fe114ab9a316a01276a4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2608.10715/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Over the past several years, LLM-powered chatbots and agents have become widely used as a tool for academic writing. LLM-assisted writing can be valuable by removing language barriers but at the same time causes concerns about misconduct and fraud. To inform policy decisions, it is necessary to monitor the prevalence of LLM-altered texts in scholarly publications. Despite some recent progress in this direction, no existing method can produce reliable estimates. Here we suggest and validate a new unbiased approach to estimate LLM usage in a corpus of texts based on changing word frequencies. We","authors_text":"Dmitry Kobak, Lena Holzwarth, Rita Gonz\\'alez-M\\'arquez","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.DL","cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-08-11T09:34:18Z","title":"Most biomedical publications show signs of LLM-assisted writing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.10715","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d97cbed1e71c6f19d8015e719d1419a41d61766eab06a5bc82c845fe2fdd6fb8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b74902b20f2ed60c6e2a69da8636322c8f814c3a0592228efbf6a3bbfbff3ad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.DL","cs.SI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-08-11T09:34:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"9df8a565fc9b5e2fa519190d447802004cc1984ac9f56f1902a37e9f81e50e41"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.10715","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3ca82a0fb3d94afe8afae57a69c8f175c267a1a62a9fc9c548c7f91dc17f624d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3ca82a0fb3d94afe8afae57a69c8f175c267a1a62a9fc9c548c7f91dc17f624d","first_computed_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06.873087Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06.873087Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SWa1Cyqc2tvvRbP9wyp2vcAgtzkwT+riiMU8iReqM3BluWgCZcmVfSM0ohSdERO7JGgmSVbaxBz6lvp/omMqDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-08-12T01:23:06.874606Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2608.10715","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d97cbed1e71c6f19d8015e719d1419a41d61766eab06a5bc82c845fe2fdd6fb8","sha256:fae27b8b560a0a13d6980a8812052fe266cb197b6f48fe114ab9a316a01276a4"],"state_sha256":"6f3b84fc233ee3b476096e7d263c57ed46280be8c2b0886a66c6f9596ca19cc6"}