{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22","short_pith_number":"pith:HTBH35FY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.08174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T20:35:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"d3aa60f7ef1845241a3bfb24016428b00883182f6be41e79b2d0d2687fdb6c44","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4c178a07d4826a2492be524aaad831172af4271548e74aa2083a55a10e0292"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cc27df4b82f75d29f8e1240e5f246d6bfe369b0878fddf764ff38b290817506","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.08174","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.08174","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.08174v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.08174","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HTBH35FYF525","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HTBH35FYF525FH4O","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HTBH35FY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.08174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T20:35:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"d3aa60f7ef1845241a3bfb24016428b00883182f6be41e79b2d0d2687fdb6c44","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4c178a07d4826a2492be524aaad831172af4271548e74aa2083a55a10e0292"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cc27df4b82f75d29f8e1240e5f246d6bfe369b0878fddf764ff38b290817506","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42.764329Z","signature_b64":"5DsNJefFVYXgafFp4RryC/pU58Ew/tzmFusckZV1+lZjl14t0Q4OOS8JJNeLWJVkhT527NozsYgE0YAgyNT0Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3cc27df4b82f75d29f8e1240e5f246d6bfe369b0878fddf764ff38b290817506","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42.763861Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42.763861Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.08174","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oUJR7StUiAxZdJsQJsP5p79JwaRDlQ5gbNpLHXptZBhF3Quz5Ez+QAn7MuBl/snQjJtCaeYXl+RDLMz0Xa88Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T09:16:06.779317Z"},"content_sha256":"92ccf024dca7a05b3a259eb1e3510da9621b27fd705e60b5added6c4493b5e9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92ccf024dca7a05b3a259eb1e3510da9621b27fd705e60b5added6c4493b5e9f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimating Variability in Hospital Charges: The Case of Cesarean Section","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Anna Perfilyeva, Craig Drohan, Huthaifa I. Ashqar, Ryan Aven, Vittal Raghavendra Miskin","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T20:35:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study sought to better understand the causes of price disparity in cesarean sections, using newly released hospital data. Beginning January 1, 2021, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requires hospitals functioning in the United States to publish online pricing information for items and services these hospitals provide in a machine-readable format and a consumer friendly shoppable format. Initial analyses of these data have shown that the price for a given procedure can differ in a hospital and across hospitals. The cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most common inpa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.08174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.08174/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vjdjVZW0Zu9c+toNzeGmtvdz0MyrltCkkHQkqLce1tVuFki5SbNw2oH/Gp/RA9U/lAhCewSIqz2TpMjdujzMDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T09:16:06.779828Z"},"content_sha256":"17f0a3e7f4529ab505216d47095e8763311569f9567386e42830264b3cbd335d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:17f0a3e7f4529ab505216d47095e8763311569f9567386e42830264b3cbd335d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T09:16:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:HTBH35FYF525FH4OCJAOL4SG22","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4c178a07d4826a2492be524aaad831172af4271548e74aa2083a55a10e0292","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T20:35:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"d3aa60f7ef1845241a3bfb24016428b00883182f6be41e79b2d0d2687fdb6c44"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.08174","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.08174","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.08174v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.08174","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HTBH35FYF525","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HTBH35FYF525FH4O","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HTBH35FY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:17f0a3e7f4529ab505216d47095e8763311569f9567386e42830264b3cbd335d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.08174/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study sought to better understand the causes of price disparity in cesarean sections, using newly released hospital data. Beginning January 1, 2021, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requires hospitals functioning in the United States to publish online pricing information for items and services these hospitals provide in a machine-readable format and a consumer friendly shoppable format. Initial analyses of these data have shown that the price for a given procedure can differ in a hospital and across hospitals. The cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most common inpa","authors_text":"Anna Perfilyeva, Craig Drohan, Huthaifa I. Ashqar, Ryan Aven, Vittal Raghavendra Miskin","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T20:35:53Z","title":"Estimating Variability in Hospital Charges: The Case of Cesarean Section"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.08174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:92ccf024dca7a05b3a259eb1e3510da9621b27fd705e60b5added6c4493b5e9f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4c178a07d4826a2492be524aaad831172af4271548e74aa2083a55a10e0292","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T20:35:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"d3aa60f7ef1845241a3bfb24016428b00883182f6be41e79b2d0d2687fdb6c44"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.08174","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3cc27df4b82f75d29f8e1240e5f246d6bfe369b0878fddf764ff38b290817506","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3cc27df4b82f75d29f8e1240e5f246d6bfe369b0878fddf764ff38b290817506","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42.763861Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42.763861Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5DsNJefFVYXgafFp4RryC/pU58Ew/tzmFusckZV1+lZjl14t0Q4OOS8JJNeLWJVkhT527NozsYgE0YAgyNT0Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:42.764329Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.08174","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:92ccf024dca7a05b3a259eb1e3510da9621b27fd705e60b5added6c4493b5e9f","sha256:17f0a3e7f4529ab505216d47095e8763311569f9567386e42830264b3cbd335d"],"state_sha256":"8392854923a611a0f1bb7a1027f9a066075f247144971efe8c030bf634275fdc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FWARbTT+Gdy/JVG5ERJ8T9cklAJcIQ+T9Mvf0l6U03LadenCraMooc1xTJIi7k0hCyQrefrWGh+w77s7UxuXBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T09:16:06.783559Z","bundle_sha256":"f40e18dfd94ef19ed08f065583ff2af99fd16a0f48a672311ea66b1cd80f3464"}}