{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA","short_pith_number":"pith:HTKKMJX2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0907.4413","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-25T11:40:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"93a3ee178c1f0f173bd7e3cb9c5edd1885a23a076ab1399cc422909547905fca","abstract_canon_sha256":"5bdcd671b864d61554258f684fd81bb12383f8e663c078d65da3fad16111097d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cd4a626fa52dc80a13e1e9564a078181846c9285b3def9da8c0611615ec4c6e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0907.4413","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0907.4413","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0907.4413v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0907.4413","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HTKKMJX2KLOI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HTKKMJX2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0907.4413","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-25T11:40:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"93a3ee178c1f0f173bd7e3cb9c5edd1885a23a076ab1399cc422909547905fca","abstract_canon_sha256":"5bdcd671b864d61554258f684fd81bb12383f8e663c078d65da3fad16111097d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cd4a626fa52dc80a13e1e9564a078181846c9285b3def9da8c0611615ec4c6e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53.644927Z","signature_b64":"GZ5Nk9JkAMcRrFjdlq1tew7Z/iilH6ZkMl/EiKEZgflSVfsLRn+n99FR8Img4ONeXLBahjwd8lNcefyBXz+FDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3cd4a626fa52dc80a13e1e9564a078181846c9285b3def9da8c0611615ec4c6e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53.644429Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53.644429Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0907.4413","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5AQTNtCWmvKIUWRW7rtbOrutp5wJvvy3/t3VsOiuD6h3IKYL4p2DlDHtejtcdDZfWNhMBljPK2wuW5OlkCgVDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:04.784868Z"},"content_sha256":"cc9de5e6909e90e71e4c64b04b0788752dc886b68e22ad063034d9385724f66c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc9de5e6909e90e71e4c64b04b0788752dc886b68e22ad063034d9385724f66c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Resolving velocity space dynamics in continuum gyrokinetics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Michael Barnes, Tomoya Tatsuno, William Dorland","submitted_at":"2009-07-25T11:40:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many plasmas of interest to the astrophysical and fusion communities are weakly collisional. In such plasmas, small scales can develop in the distribution of particle velocities, potentially affecting observable quantities such as turbulent fluxes. Consequently, it is necessary to monitor velocity space resolution in gyrokinetic simulations. In this paper, we present a set of computationally efficient diagnostics for measuring velocity space resolution in gyrokinetic simulations and apply them to a range of plasma physics phenomena using the continuum gyrokinetic code GS2. For the cases consid"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0907.4413","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2lNc2OA+LokpG6wdF+MjO1sXVkQ6OSwUW364t3WC+UWxmjsG+veyX2Q66klp9TUHgnpRGkLRP4A+JjYWDxAfBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:04.785202Z"},"content_sha256":"d04eaa8ff89cdaf73928bb92e891061996b9c491da5882a8b7d19e00ba6ce6a3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d04eaa8ff89cdaf73928bb92e891061996b9c491da5882a8b7d19e00ba6ce6a3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6D2KWJIDYDA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5bdcd671b864d61554258f684fd81bb12383f8e663c078d65da3fad16111097d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-25T11:40:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"93a3ee178c1f0f173bd7e3cb9c5edd1885a23a076ab1399cc422909547905fca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0907.4413","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0907.4413","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0907.4413v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0907.4413","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HTKKMJX2KLOI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HTKKMJX2KLOIBIJ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HTKKMJX2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d04eaa8ff89cdaf73928bb92e891061996b9c491da5882a8b7d19e00ba6ce6a3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many plasmas of interest to the astrophysical and fusion communities are weakly collisional. In such plasmas, small scales can develop in the distribution of particle velocities, potentially affecting observable quantities such as turbulent fluxes. Consequently, it is necessary to monitor velocity space resolution in gyrokinetic simulations. In this paper, we present a set of computationally efficient diagnostics for measuring velocity space resolution in gyrokinetic simulations and apply them to a range of plasma physics phenomena using the continuum gyrokinetic code GS2. For the cases consid","authors_text":"Michael Barnes, Tomoya Tatsuno, William Dorland","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-25T11:40:56Z","title":"Resolving velocity space dynamics in continuum gyrokinetics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0907.4413","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cc9de5e6909e90e71e4c64b04b0788752dc886b68e22ad063034d9385724f66c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5bdcd671b864d61554258f684fd81bb12383f8e663c078d65da3fad16111097d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-25T11:40:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"93a3ee178c1f0f173bd7e3cb9c5edd1885a23a076ab1399cc422909547905fca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0907.4413","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3cd4a626fa52dc80a13e1e9564a078181846c9285b3def9da8c0611615ec4c6e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3cd4a626fa52dc80a13e1e9564a078181846c9285b3def9da8c0611615ec4c6e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53.644429Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53.644429Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GZ5Nk9JkAMcRrFjdlq1tew7Z/iilH6ZkMl/EiKEZgflSVfsLRn+n99FR8Img4ONeXLBahjwd8lNcefyBXz+FDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:53.644927Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0907.4413","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cc9de5e6909e90e71e4c64b04b0788752dc886b68e22ad063034d9385724f66c","sha256:d04eaa8ff89cdaf73928bb92e891061996b9c491da5882a8b7d19e00ba6ce6a3"],"state_sha256":"4c541b1256ef86935e1082e88a7183980b62ea4ea1846fefb50793b9d3faf086"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MlWpA1jeBhbfP6bfnqyybrE0KFgGi3PdtPyz/CMwV7yYhR2ApxSmyg2xphmhfPYQh21jHg6Foe6bG8bzCmKvCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:04.787082Z","bundle_sha256":"53cc83b84c8fb0f586b0f40ec0f05d49c5f384e746540c5ac047d06cb157a132"}}