{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB","short_pith_number":"pith:HTM22OOA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.02255","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-02T19:23:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"059f0cc62f655fd7f2a1906877e137e4daa7a167dc543e63a6bc0f37a166d97c","abstract_canon_sha256":"d5cb0ebfebf1aa81abe4e028f8af56a6285ebf3244a62195716e61f5f05727ef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cd9ad39c0592ffe22474f8efce4b0384785b50eaf6565462820cd1bb38f6dbe","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.02255","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.02255","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.02255v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.02255","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HTM22OOALEX7","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HTM22OOALEX74ISH","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HTM22OOA","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.02255","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-02T19:23:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"059f0cc62f655fd7f2a1906877e137e4daa7a167dc543e63a6bc0f37a166d97c","abstract_canon_sha256":"d5cb0ebfebf1aa81abe4e028f8af56a6285ebf3244a62195716e61f5f05727ef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cd9ad39c0592ffe22474f8efce4b0384785b50eaf6565462820cd1bb38f6dbe","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52.973666Z","signature_b64":"oH/FMs1+cqPjIxbYRrDwsrlfScgtlf3bxBQZ8Y6g7jv6SFPRr9qSJIewAP2/HIN3I6jwkQAayhpY9qSgDemFBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3cd9ad39c0592ffe22474f8efce4b0384785b50eaf6565462820cd1bb38f6dbe","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52.973199Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52.973199Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.02255","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WMA+hR8/CE5DPNU6oA72QxWyPlmjx8Q+Ud8wqOZe0Q14tzZKVb/kRxIVYB9wx/xI6EsgkX90S02UK3woQdDSDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:32.967894Z"},"content_sha256":"7ff5cf40dfb7bf74d69c51f9b726d72d5e0e9b55b8f8a615d2df470ce24062bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7ff5cf40dfb7bf74d69c51f9b726d72d5e0e9b55b8f8a615d2df470ce24062bc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"$\\texttt{LM}^\\texttt{2}$: A Simple Society of Language Models Solves Complex Reasoning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Gurusha Juneja, Subhabrata Dutta, Tanmoy Chakraborty","submitted_at":"2024-04-02T19:23:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite demonstrating emergent reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMS) often lose track of complex, multi-step reasoning. Existing studies show that providing guidance via decomposing the original question into multiple subproblems elicits more robustness in LLM reasoning -- a decomposer generates the subproblems, and a solver solves each of these subproblems. However, these techniques fail to accommodate coordination between the decomposer and the solver modules (either in a single model or different specialized ones) -- the decomposer does not keep track of the ability of the solve"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.02255","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.02255/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UNydXvFmJTvQWqHURuSzQ7IwFyHwDAo9+mv9/Cpms9BpUTdxFTwkuvdIABS9PugrxM0tFLY73gt5OoD118yXAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:32.968410Z"},"content_sha256":"5ea541e4eebf740d99087d0b24878cdfe3729885d122dc827c247d8180a649d8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5ea541e4eebf740d99087d0b24878cdfe3729885d122dc827c247d8180a649d8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:HTM22OOALEX74ISHJ6HPZZFQHB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d5cb0ebfebf1aa81abe4e028f8af56a6285ebf3244a62195716e61f5f05727ef","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-02T19:23:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"059f0cc62f655fd7f2a1906877e137e4daa7a167dc543e63a6bc0f37a166d97c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.02255","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.02255","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.02255v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.02255","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HTM22OOALEX7","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HTM22OOALEX74ISH","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HTM22OOA","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5ea541e4eebf740d99087d0b24878cdfe3729885d122dc827c247d8180a649d8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.02255/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite demonstrating emergent reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMS) often lose track of complex, multi-step reasoning. Existing studies show that providing guidance via decomposing the original question into multiple subproblems elicits more robustness in LLM reasoning -- a decomposer generates the subproblems, and a solver solves each of these subproblems. However, these techniques fail to accommodate coordination between the decomposer and the solver modules (either in a single model or different specialized ones) -- the decomposer does not keep track of the ability of the solve","authors_text":"Gurusha Juneja, Subhabrata Dutta, Tanmoy Chakraborty","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-02T19:23:10Z","title":"$\\texttt{LM}^\\texttt{2}$: A Simple Society of Language Models Solves Complex Reasoning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.02255","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7ff5cf40dfb7bf74d69c51f9b726d72d5e0e9b55b8f8a615d2df470ce24062bc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d5cb0ebfebf1aa81abe4e028f8af56a6285ebf3244a62195716e61f5f05727ef","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-02T19:23:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"059f0cc62f655fd7f2a1906877e137e4daa7a167dc543e63a6bc0f37a166d97c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.02255","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3cd9ad39c0592ffe22474f8efce4b0384785b50eaf6565462820cd1bb38f6dbe","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3cd9ad39c0592ffe22474f8efce4b0384785b50eaf6565462820cd1bb38f6dbe","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52.973199Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52.973199Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oH/FMs1+cqPjIxbYRrDwsrlfScgtlf3bxBQZ8Y6g7jv6SFPRr9qSJIewAP2/HIN3I6jwkQAayhpY9qSgDemFBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:52.973666Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.02255","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7ff5cf40dfb7bf74d69c51f9b726d72d5e0e9b55b8f8a615d2df470ce24062bc","sha256:5ea541e4eebf740d99087d0b24878cdfe3729885d122dc827c247d8180a649d8"],"state_sha256":"0bbbb1e20202b63f73531b84b362ca70f7337587115810e4efbc5aa9966313b2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wC7GK0RBKcdSI/LQmfcz5dc5KOASbBlfz5rHOKmzFYxnAeLkgqDtbRcIES4vM7c5QqEXU9wLoS2pXUtQYHoIBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:32.972243Z","bundle_sha256":"57816497c799e5bbac7c7df4be1bfa7976459381fb74494e20df9ca28c0c13e4"}}